不同矮化中间砧对瑞雪苹果果实品质的影响  

Effects of different dwarfing interstocks on fruit quality of Ruixue apple

作　　者：樊娟 孙鲁龙 刘振中[1] 杨舜博 朱佳顺 史涛 赵政阳[1] FAN Juan;SUN Lulong;LIU Zhenzhong;YANG Shunbo;ZHU Jiashun;SHI Tao;ZHAO Zhengyang(College of Horticulture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China;Qingcheng Station of Apple Experiment and Demonstration,Qingcheng 745100,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]庆城县苹果试验示范站,甘肃庆城745100

出　　处：《果树学报》2023年第4期680-689,共10页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家现代农业(苹果)产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-27);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2452020033);甘肃省2020年度试验示范站(基地)科技创新与成果转化项目(TGZX2020-31)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究不同矮化中间砧对苹果新品种瑞雪果实品质的影响,为其在甘肃陇东产区矮化砧木的筛选利用提供参考。【方法】以新疆野苹果为基砧,M9-T337、SH6、SH38和SC1为中间砧,嫁接瑞雪苹果为试验材料,M26中间砧嫁接瑞雪苹果为对照,比较不同砧穗组合果实品质的差异。【结果】不同中间砧瑞雪苹果平均单果质量为M9-T337>M26>SH38>SC1>SH6;在果形指数方面无明显差异;SH6、SH38和SC1的L^(*)值和b^(*)显著高于对照M26,果面光洁;SH6、SH38和SC1在可溶性固形物含量、果糖含量、固酸比、可溶性总糖含量和甜度值均高于M26和M9-T337,其中SH6和SC1表现最为突出,固酸比在52以上,总糖含量(w,后同)在135 mg·g^(-1)以上,果糖含量在67 mg·g^(-1)以上,甜度值在178以上;SC1(65.63μg·kg^(-1))和SH38(68.45μg·kg^(-1))的酯类物质含量显著高于对照M26(65.63μg·kg^(-1)),SH6的烯烃类物质含量最高,是对照M26的3倍以上,醛类物质含量以SC1、SH6、SH38较高;SH6、SH38和SC1的类黄酮和维生素C含量均显著高于对照M26,M9-T337最低,SH6的总酚含量显著高于其他矮化中间砧。通过隶属函数法,综合评价得出不同砧穗组合的果实品质从高到低排序为SH6、SC1、SH38、M26、M9-T337。【结论】综合各项果实品质指标,SH6的瑞雪苹果果实品质最优,SC1和SH38次之,但作为甘肃陇东地区发展瑞雪苹果矮化中间砧栽培的候选砧木还需综合考虑生长结果情况。【Objective】Dwarf and dense planting is the development trend of modern apple cultivation.The selection and utilization of dwarfing rootstocks are the key links to achieve dwarfness.More than 80%of the existing dwarf cultivation areas in China use interstocks.The Ruixue apple has a good fruit shape,crispy flesh,and sweet and sour taste,with strong aroma.It has an outstanding comprehensive performance in the Longdong production area of Gansu province.At present,most studies related to this cultivar mainly focused on the effects of different regions,harvest periods,and fruit bagging on the fruit quality of Ruixue,and there have been few studies on the effects of different dwarfing interstocks on the fruit quality of this variety.Therefore,this study explored the effect of different dwarfing interstocks on the fruit quality of Ruixue apple with an aim to provide reference for the screening and utilization of dwarfing interstocks in the Longdong production area of Gansu.【Methods】The experiment was carried out in 2020 and 2021 at the Qingcheng Apple Experiment Station of Northwest A&F University in Gansu.Different dwarfing interstocks(M9-T337,SH6,SH38 and SC1)were grafted with Ruixue apple(Malus domestica Borkh.Ruixue),and the most widely used M26 interstock was used as the control.One-year-old Xinjiang wild apple tissue cultured seedlings were planted in the spring of 2011. In Augustof the same year, the interstock scions of M9-T337, SH6, SH38 and SC1 and M26 were collected forbudding at 5 cm above the ground. The grafted seedlings were transplanted in the spring of 2012. In thespring of 2017, Ruixue scions were grafted onto the grafted seedlings. In 2020 and 2021, when the appletrees were 4 to 5-year-old, the differences in fruit appearance quality (color, fruit shape index, fruitmass) and internal quality (firmness, sugar and acid content, aroma substances, and functional nutrients)of each stock-scion combination were compared. The effects of dwarfing interstocks on fruit qualitywere evaluated based on membe

关 键 词：瑞雪苹果 砧穗组合 矮化中间砧 果实品质 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]