高温对萨米脱甜樱桃幼苗叶片生理指标的影响  

Effects of high temperature on leaf physiological indexes of Summit in seedlings sweet cherry

作　　者：张琛[1] 刘辉[1] 郗笃隽[1] 骆慧枫 裴嘉博[1] 黄康康[1] 阮若昕 赖梦霞 樊怀福[2] ZHANG Chen;LIU Hui;XI Dujun;LUO Huifeng;PEI Jiabo;HUANG Kangkang;RUAN Ruoxin;LAI Mengxia;FAN Huaifu(Institute of Horticulture,Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 310024,Zhejiang,China;School of Agriculture and Food Science,Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University,Hangzhou 311300,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]杭州市农业科学研究院园艺研究所,杭州310024 [2]浙江农林大学农业与食品科学学院,杭州311300

出　　处：《果树学报》2023年第4期712-723,共12页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：浙江省公益研究计划项目(LGN21C150005);杭州市农科院科技创新与示范推广基金(2022HNCT-06);杭州市级农科院联盟区域示范性项目(2022SJLM02)。

摘　　要：【目的】从生理水平分析高温对甜樱桃相关生理指标的影响并筛选代表性指标,为下一步甜樱桃对高温响应的生理指标的筛选和耐热性评价体系的建立提供参考。【方法】以甜樱桃萨米脱为试材,通过人工模拟高温和自然高温环境,探究植株叶片生理、叶绿素荧光等指标变化,并通过相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析等方法筛选出高温对甜樱桃生理影响的代表性指标。【结果】高温处理后,人工气候箱处理A组和自然高温处理C组的甜樱桃叶片内超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(glutathione reductase,GR)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(ascorbate peroxidase,APX)5种酶的活性均升高,但人工气候箱处理B组的甜樱桃叶片内CAT和APX活性下降。A、B、C组脯氨酸含量分别为高温前的3.07、4.03、2.94倍,超氧阴离子自由基(superoxide anion,O_(2)·-)产生速率分别为高温前的2.37、2.48、2.25倍。A、C组中甜樱桃叶片的可溶性蛋白含量增加,可溶性糖含量显著下降;而B组中可溶性蛋白含量显著性下降,为处理前的54.18%,可溶性糖含量增加了1.32%。3组处理中光系统(photosystemⅡ,PSⅡ)最大光化学效率(F_(v)/F_(m))、潜在光化学活性(F_(v)/F_(o))、电子传递速率(electron transport rate,ETR)、非光化学淬灭(non-photochemical quenching,NPQ)4个荧光参数均出现不同程度下降,PSⅡ反应中心受损活性下降。叶肉局部超显微结构观察表明,高温对甜樱桃叶绿体、线粒体造成损伤。C组相关性分析表明,部分酶活性(CAT、APX)与部分荧光参数(ETR、Fv/Fo)之间、GR活性与多种渗透调节物质含量(脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖)之间存在相关性,可通过聚类分析将11个具有相关性的生理指标分为3类。【结论】高温处理使甜樱桃受到氧化损伤,其抗氧化酶系统、渗透调节物质均对胁�【Objective】Temperature is one of the important environmental factors in plant growth and development.According to the report of the IPCC,the global average temperature will rise by 0.3℃every decade.The latest assessment report of IPCC Working Group I in 2021 pointed out that the global temperature rise will reach or exceed 1.5℃by predicting the average temperature change in the next 20 years.High temperature has gradually become one of the important abiotic stress factors,which seriously harm the growth and development and inhibit the physiological metabolism of plants.Sweet cherry is mainly cultivated in Tai’an,Yantai and Dalian in northern China.The south of China become warm earlier and faster in spring than the north,so it can take the advantage of earlier marketing.Besides, sweet cherry cultivation has gradually expanded to the south due to the leisure picking market`spromoting in recent ten years. The summer temperature in Zhejiang province is relatively high, and theaverage annual extreme high temperature weather above 40 ℃ from July to September is 4.1 days. Forsweet cherry has adapted to the cold climate in the north, the summer temperature in Hangzhou is toohigh, and the high temperature above 30 ℃ is closely related to the occurrence of double pistils, whichaffects the fruit setting rate of the next year. High temperature has become one of the limiting factors forthe development of sweet cherry in southern China. This study aimed to analyze the response of sweetcherry to high temperature stress from the physiological level, which not only provided reference for theestablishment of the evaluation system of the heat tolerance of sweet cherry in the next program, but alsoestablished a theoretical foundation for the screening and breeding of high temperature resistant varieties(lines) of sweet cherry in the south of China in the future.【Methods】One-year-old sweet cherryseedlings (Summit) were used as the experimental materials. Artificial climate chamber and field naturalhigh temperature

关 键 词：甜樱桃 高温 生理响应 叶绿素荧光 

分 类 号：S662.5[农业科学—果树学]