中微量元素钙、镁、硼叶面肥对皱皮木瓜果实产量和品质的影响  

Effect of foliar fertilizer on fruit yield and quality of Chaenomeles speciosa(Sweet)Nakai based on principal component analysis

作　　者：陈珍 曹帮华[1] 耿颖 刘炜 曹晓楠 赵钰琪 王可欣 李圣波 诸葛绪钦 CHEN Zhen;CAO Banghua;GENG Ying;LIU Wei;CAO Xiaonan;ZHAO Yuqi;WANGKexin;LI Shengbo;ZHUGE Xuqin(College of Forestry,Shandong Agricultural University,Taian 271018,Shandong,China;Shandong Yate Ecological Technology Co.,Ltd.,Linyi 276017,Shandong,China;Linyi Multivitamin Chaenomeles Speciosa Beverage Co.,Ltd.,Linyi 276026,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学林学院,山东泰安271018 [2]山东亚特生态技术股份有限公司,山东临沂276017 [3]临沂市多维木瓜饮品有限公司,山东临沂276026

出　　处：《果树学报》2023年第4期724-734,共11页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：山东省林业科技创新项目(LYCX02-2018-12)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究叶面喷施不同浓度钙、镁、硼肥对皱皮木瓜果实产量和品质的影响,探索最佳浓度,为皱皮木瓜合理喷施叶面肥提供科学依据。【方法】以3年生皱皮木瓜长俊为试验作物,于果实发育期分别喷施0.1%、0.2%、0.3%的Ca Cl2(C1、C2、C3),0.5%、1.0%、1.5%的Mg SO4(M1、M2、M3)和0.1%、0.2%、0.3%的硼砂(B1、B2、B3)溶液肥,以清水(CK)为对照。在果实成熟后对果实产量和品质进行测定和分析。【结果】叶面肥各处理都能在不同程度上提高果实产量和品质。处理M1提高产量效果最佳;处理B3在改善品质方面效果最好,果实纵径、横径、单果质量、固酸比最大,可溶性固形物、齐墩果酸含量最高。C1处理果实含水量最高,C2单宁含量最低,C3氨基酸、类黄酮、蛋白质含量最高;M1淀粉含量、超氧化歧化酶活性最高;B1果胶含量最高;B2可滴定酸含量最低,维生素C、可溶性糖含量最高。主成分分析结果显示,各处理得分从高到低排序依次为B3>M1>C2>C3>B1>M3>B2>M2>C2>CK。【结论】综合产量和品质因素考虑,在皱皮木瓜果实发育期间叶面喷施0.3%硼砂、0.5%MgSO4、0.2%CaCl2溶液肥效果较好。【Objective】Chaenomeles speciosa is known as the“fruit of a hundred benefits”and has great market potential.Improving fruit yield and quality in cultivation is the core of improving market competitiveness.Proper fertilization is one of the important measures to improve fruit yield and quality.However,in actual production,the use of micronutrient fertilizer is often neglected in favor of large amount of elemental fertilizer.Trace element fertilizer is an important factor affecting the yield and quality of fruit.This study aims to elucidate the effects of foliar spraying of calcium(CaCl2),magnesium(MgSO4)and boron(borax)fertilizers at different concentrations on C.speciosa fruit yield and quality,to explore the best fertilizer concentrations of CaCl2,MgSO4 and borax solutions to improve C.speciosa fruit yield and quality,and to provide reference for reasonable foliar fertilizer spraying on C.speciosa.【Methods】Three year old C.speciosa(Thouin)Koehne Changjun was used as the test material,and different concentrations of CaCl2,MgSO4 and borax solution fertilizers were sprayed during fruitdevelopment. The three levels set for CaCl2 were 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3%;those for MgSO4 were 0.5%,1.0%, and 1.5%, and for borax 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3%, with spraying water as the control. The foliar fertilizerswere sprayed on the fruit and leaves until drip for three times after 16:00 on a sunny day withoutwind. Other cultivation management was carried out according to normal field management. After fruitripening, fruit of good shape and uniform maturity, free from obvious pest and mechanical damage wererandomly selected to determine the main indexes of fruit yield and quality under different treatments.The fruit yield, appearance quality, taste quality and nutritional quality were compared, and finally, theyield and quality of C. speciosa fruit were comprehensively evaluated using correlation analysis andprincipal component analysis.【Results】Foliar sprays of different concentrations of calcium, magnesiumand boron fertilize

关 键 词：皱皮木瓜 中微量元素 叶面肥 产量 品质 综合评价 

分 类 号：S668.2[农业科学—果树学]