扦插快繁技术在甘蔗健康种苗繁育上的应用研究  

Study on the Application of Cuttage Technology in Propagation of Healthy Sugarcane Seedlings

作　　者：韦爱兰 邓宇驰[2] 罗霆[2] 陈用 韦宏锤 周忠凤[2] 范业赓[2] 周慧文[2] 陈荣发[2] 吴建明[2] WEI Ailan;DENG Yuchi;LUO Ting;CHEN Yong;WEI Hongchui;ZHOU Zhongfeng;FAN Yegeng;ZHOU Huiwen;CHEN Rongfa;WU Jianming(Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Chengguan Town,Nandan County,Hechi,Guangxi 547200;Sugarcane Research Institute of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement,Ministry of Agriculture,Nanning,Guangxi 530007;Hechi Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Hechi,Guangxi 546306)

机构地区：[1]南丹县城关镇农业技术推广站,广西河池547200 [2]广西农业科学院甘蔗研究所/广西甘蔗遗传改良重点实验室/农业部广西甘蔗生物技术与遗传改良重点实验室,广西南宁530007 [3]河池市农业科学研究所,广西河池546306

出　　处：《甘蔗糖业》2023年第1期26-34,共9页Sugarcane and Canesugar

基　　金：中国科学院华南植物园重点支持项目(E36101);广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项(桂农科2021YT012);国家现代农业产业技术体系广西甘蔗创新团队建设(nycytxgxcxtd-2021-03)。

摘　　要：健康种苗是保持良种的优良种性、减少病虫害发生最有效的措施之一,但由于其生产成本高、栽培条件要求严格等问题而导致推广应用缓慢。本团队在国内首次提出扦插技术应用于甘蔗健康种苗良种繁育的设想,为进一步验证扦插技术的可行性及其优势,设置原苗、剪主茎、扦插3个处理,研究了扦插技术下甘蔗健康种苗1年新植2年宿根的表现,综合分析扦插栽培模式的整体效果和收益,为扦插技术在甘蔗健康种苗快速繁育上的推广应用和进一步研究发展提供参考依据。结果表明:甘蔗健康种苗原苗剪去主茎后分蘖率显著提高,有效茎数显著增加,产量无显著影响;扦插处理的有效茎数显著多于其他处理,由于生长时间短导致新植蔗产量显著低于其他处理;各处理宿根产量无显著差异;“剪主茎+扦插”栽培模式的新植产量(66.07 t/hm^(2))略低于原苗处理(69.89 t/hm^(2)),第1年、第2年宿根产量与原苗处理互有高低,但差异不大,3年的总产量(274.05 t/hm^(2))与原苗处理(277.09 t/hm^(2))相当。新植时,“剪主茎+扦插”栽培模式可比原苗种植节约生产成本10505元/hm^(2),但产值减少1987元/hm^(2),合计增加收益8518元/hm^(2);综合新植和宿根共3年计算,共增加收益8924元/hm^(2)。因此,综合判断认为扦插可应用于甘蔗健康种苗快繁。该技术可节省健康种苗的购买生产费用,从而节约甘蔗健康种苗繁育生产成本,增加收益;在采用合理的扦插和栽培技术情况下,甘蔗产量和收益将进一步提高;该技术的可操作性和实用性强,进一步研究和应用该技术,对促进甘蔗优良新品种的推广应用、良种更新换代具有积极意义。The usage of healthy seedling is one of the most effective measures to maintain the excellent character of improved varieties and reduce the diseases and pests,but its extension and application are slow because of high production cost and strict cultivation conditions,etc.In China,our team was the first to propose the idea of applying cuttage technology to the propagation of healthy sugarcane seedlings.In order to further verify the feasibility and advantages of cuttage technology,three treatments were designed:original seedling,stem cutting and cuttage.We studied the performance of one-year plant cane and two-year ratoon cane of healthy sugarcane seedlings under the cuttage technology,and comprehensively analyzed the overall effect and benefit of cultivation by cuttage,in order to provide a reference for the extension,application and further research and development of cuttage technology in the rapid propagation of healthy sugarcane seedlings.The results showed that after cutting off the main stem,the tillering rate of healthy sugarcane seedlings increased significantly,the number of productive tillers increased significantly,and there was no significant effect on yield;the number of productive tillers in cuttage treatment was significantly larger than that in other treatments,and the yield of plant cane was significantly lower than that in other treatments due to short growth time;there was no significant difference in ratoon cane yield among different treatments;in the“stem cutting+cottage”treatment(66.07 t/hm^(2)),the plant cane yield was slightly lower than that in the original seedling treatment(69.89 t/hm^(2)),the ratoon cane yield of the first and second year was not significantly different from that in the original seedling treatment,and the total yield of 3 years(274.05 t/hm^(2))was the same as that in the original seedling treatment(277.09 t/hm^(2)).For the plant cane,the model of“stem cutting+cottage”could save the production cost by 10505 yuan/hm^(2) compared with the original seedling treatm

关 键 词：甘蔗 扦插 健康种苗 宿根 良种快繁 

分 类 号：S566.1[农业科学—作物学]