家庭教育投入结构与代际人力资本成长  

Structure of Household Education Investment and Growing of Intergenerational Human Capital

作　　者：姜恒 刘李俪 张永林 JIANG Heng;LIU Li-li;ZHANG Yong-lin

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学统计学院

出　　处：《中央财经大学学报》2023年第4期78-89,共12页Journal of Central University of Finance & Economics

基　　金：国家社科基金2020年重点项目“人工智能信息生产力模型的系统构建研究”(项目编号:20AJY001);教育部2018年规划基金项目“人工智能生产力理论模型与经济应用研究”(项目编号:18YJA790110)。

摘　　要：本文构建动态模型描述子女成长的人力资本多维度积累过程,分析家庭的教育投入结构及决策机制,讨论家庭的时间投入与物质资本投入的不同作用方式。模型中社会教育与家庭教育具有互补性与替代性的双重效应。跨期决策的投入结构由异质性的积累函数变量与不同时期的环境变量共同决定。通过三期更新模型的比较静态分析,获得以下结论:子女的初始人力资本水平越低,家庭前期的教育资本投入在总投资的占比会越高;受教育阶段的投资比例结构由人力资本期初存量与不同维度的积累能力共同决定,表现优异的技能会获得更多的投资与培养。最后用线性化的计量模型计算了人力资本的代际弹性并解释家族进步的方式与遗传的延续机制。先天的基因遗传与后天的家庭教育是人力资本实现代际传递的不同途径,解释了代际流动性的方向与成因。研究结论可以解释“因材施教”“家族技艺传承”和“寒门难出贵子”等典型教育现象。This paper establishes a dynamic model to describe the multi-dimensional accumulation process of human capital during children s growth.The model analyzes the structure and decision-making mechanism of household education investment,and points out the multiple values of time and material capital.Social and family education have dual effects of complementarity and substitution.The input structure of intertemporal decision-making is determined by heterogeneous accumulation variables and the environmental variables in different periods.Through the comparative static analysis of the three-period update model,we conclude that the lower the initial level of children s human capital is,the higher proportion the household educational inputs account for in total investments in early childhood.And the investment proportion in children s school life is determined by the initial stock of human capital and accumulation abilities of different dimensions.The ability with excellent performance will receive more investment and training,and keep improving.The intergenerational elasticity of human capital can be calculated from the econometric model.It explains family progress and inheritance mechanism.Congenital inheritance and family education are important ways to realize intergenerational transmission of human capital.The research can be used to explain typical educational phenomena such as“teaching students in accordance with their aptitude”,“inheritance of family skills”,and“the nobles hardly rise from poor families”.

关 键 词：人力资本 投资结构 比较静态分析 代际弹性 

分 类 号：F240[经济管理—劳动经济] G40-054[经济管理—国民经济]