山西介休焦化区PM_(2.5)重金属污染特征、关键毒性组分与来源  

Pollution characteristics,key toxic components and sources of PM2.5-bound heavy metals in coking polluted area of Jiexiu,Shanxi

作　　者：李宏艳 赵志新 何秋生[1] 付国 李宏宇 白京霭 黄时丹 张琰茹 云洋[4] 崔阳 王振涛 LI Hong-yan;ZHAO Zhi-xin;HE Qiu-sheng;FU Guo;LI Hong-yu;BAI Jing-ai;HUANG Shi-dan;ZHANG Yan-ru;YUN Yang;CUI Yang;WANG Zhen-tao(School of Environment and Resources,Taiyuan University of Science and Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China;Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control,Gansu Province,College of Earth and Environmental Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China;Fenner School of Environment and Society,Australian National University,Canberra ACT 2600,Australia;College of Environmental&Resource Sciences,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006,China)

机构地区：[1]太原科技大学环境与资源学院,山西太原030024 [2]兰州大学资源环境学院,甘肃省环境污染预警与控制重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [3]澳大利亚国立大学芬纳环境与社会学院,澳大利亚堪培拉2600 [4]山西大学环境与资源学院,山西太原030006

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2023年第4期1528-1538,共11页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(22076135,41501543);山西省基础研究计划项目(20210302124474,202103021223300)。

摘　　要：在对介休焦化区和方山对照区大气PM_(2.5)样品中11种重金属元素污染特征进行分析的基础上,结合正定矩阵因子(PMF)源解析,借助健康风险评价法和体外细胞毒性测试实验对可能会威胁人体健康的关键毒性组分及其来源进行了判识.结果表明,介休焦化区PM_(2.5)及其负载的重金属元素污染超标严重,且均是冬季>秋季>夏季>春季,所有元素的总非致癌和致癌风险分别是方山的2.80及2.10倍.介休焦化区除Cr的年均污染浓度低于方山对照区外,Pb、Cd、Zn、As、Mn、Sb的浓度分别是方山的15.9,9.80,9.00,7.40,7.00和4.20倍,其中Mn、As、Cd、Pb等元素具有较高的非致癌风险,Pb同时具有较高的致癌风险.介休焦化区重金属元素共有5大主要来源,燃煤及焦化源的贡献最大(37.7%),其次为其他工业源(29.6%)和钢铁冶炼源(20.4%).燃煤及焦化源对非致癌和致癌风险的贡献高达38.8%和44.9%,且是唯一1种与细胞氧化应激和炎性因子指标(ROS、TNF-α和IL-1β)均有显著正相关关系的污染源.方山对照区除As外所有元素的致癌和非致癌水平均处于可接受范围内,燃煤源对健康风险和细胞毒性的贡献最大.On the basis of analyzing pollution characteristics of 11kinds of heavy metal elements in atmospheric PM_(2.5)samples from Jiexiu coking area(JX)and Fangshan control area(FS),the key toxic components that potentially threaten human health and their sources were identified using positive definite matrix factor(PMF)source apportionment,health risk assessment and in vitro cytotoxicity test.The results showed that the concentrations of PM_(2.5)and its loaded heavy metals in JX exceeded the ambient air quality standards seriously,and exhibited seasonal variation following the sequence of winter>autumn>summer>spring.The total non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of all elements in JX were 2.80 and 2.10 times that of FS,respectively.Except that the annual average concentration of element Cr in JX was lower than that of FS,the concentrations of elements Pb,Cd,Zn,As,Mn,and Sb in JX were 15.9,9.80,9.00,7.40,7.00 and 4.20 times that of FS,respectively.Among them,Mn,As,Cd,Pb had high non-carcinogenic risks,while Pb also had high carcinogenic risk.Among the 5 major sources of PM_(2.5)-bound heavy metals in JX,coal combustion and coking contributed the most(37.7%),followed by other industrial sources(29.6%),iron and steel smelting sources(20.4%).Coal combustion and coking contributed as high as 38.8%and 44.9%to non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks,respectively,and they were the only ones that had a significant positive correlation with cellular oxidative stress and toxicological indicators related to the inflammatory reaction(ROS,TNF-αand IL-1β).Except for As,the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic levels of other heavy metal elements were within acceptable range,and coal combustion contributed the most to health risks and cytotoxicity.

关 键 词：PM_(2.5) 重金属元素 污染特征 关键毒性组分 源解析 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]