典型通航飞机PM与TVOC排放特征及排放因子  

PM and TVOC emission characteristics and emission factors of typical general aviation aircraft

作　　者：韩博[1,2] 石依琳 纪翔 潘丽丽 肖致美[4] HAN Bo;SHI Yi-lin;JI Xiang;PAN Li-li;XIAO Zhi-mei(School of Transportation Science and Engineering,Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300,China;Center for Environmental and Sustainable Development of Civil Aviation of China,Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300,China;School of Air Traffic Management,Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300,China;Tianjin Ecological Environment Monitoring Center,Tianjin 300191,China)

机构地区：[1]中国民航大学交通科学与工程学院,天津300300 [2]中国民航大学中国民航环境与可持续发展研究中心,天津300300 [3]中国民航大学空中交通管理学院,天津300300 [4]天津市生态环境监测中心,天津300191

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2023年第4期1550-1557,共8页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(U2133206,U1933110);中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目(3122018D024)。

摘　　要：选取DA-40D型为典型机型,于2019年12月5日~8日在辽宁省朝阳机场开展飞机在推力功率为13%、37%、52%、73%和100%的5种工况下颗粒物(PM)、黑碳(BC)、总挥发性有机物(TVOC)的测试和分析.结果显示,5种推力功率下PM粒子数浓度在大推力工况中峰值位于0.25和0.3μm处,小推力工况峰值不明显,且PM1/PM10达99%以上.该款发动机排放PM_(2.5)、BC和TVOC排放质量浓度随推力上升均呈现升高的趋势,浓度分别在129.8~1039.4,18.3~291.9和311.6~7343.2μg/m^(3),排放浓度快速增加分别出现在全推力、中/全推力以及中等推力区间.通过逐步回归方法分析发现发动机进气总共压力对于PM_(2.5)和BC浓度影响最大,而TVOC浓度主要受冷却液温度影响.通过构建飞机LTO飞行模型,结合排放强度拟合及飞机性能参数计算,确定PM_(2.5)、BC和TVOC在LTO过程的排放因子分别为25.91,6.98和71.26μg/LTO,爬升阶段污染物排放的贡献占比最大.研究结果为探究通航飞机污染物排放特性和推进机场及周边污染防治提供基础.The DA-40D was selected as a typical model,and the test and analysis of particulate matter(PM),black carbon(BC)and total volatile organic compounds(TVOC)under five working conditions with thrust power of 13%,37%,52%,73%and 100%were carried out at Chaoyang Airport in Liaoning Province on December 5~8,2019.The results showed that the peak concentrations of PM particles under the five thrust powers were at 0.25 and 0.3μm in the high thrust condition,while the peak value in the small thrust case was not obvious,and the PM1/PM10 reached more than 99%.The mass concentrations of PM_(2.5),BC and TVOC emissions of this engine showed an increasing trend with the increase of thrust,and the concentrations were 129.8~1039.4,18.3~291.9 and 311.6~7343.2μg/m^(3),respectively,and the emission concentrations increased rapidly in the full thrust,medium/full thrust and medium thrust ranges,respectively.Through the stepwise regression method,it is found that the total inlet pressure of the engine has the greatest influence on PM_(2.5) and BC concentration,while the TVOC concentration is mainly affected by the coolant temperature.By constructing the aircraft LTO flight model,combined with the emission intensity fitting and aircraft performance parameter calculation,the emission factors of PM_(2.5),BC and TVOC in the LTO process were determined to be 25.91,6.98 and 71.26μg/LTO,respectively,and the contribution of pollutant emissions in the climbing stage accounted for the largest proportion.The research results provide a basis for exploring the pollutant emission characteristics of general aviation aircraft and promoting pollution prevention and control in airports and surrounding areas.

关 键 词：通航飞机 排放 颗粒物 挥发性有机物 黑碳 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]