冬季运动项目气动减阻的风洞实验研究进展  

A Review of Wind Tunnel Experimental Research on Aerodynamic Drag Reduction in Winter Sports

作　　者：胡齐 刘宇[1] HU Qi;LIU Yu(School of Exercise and Health,Shanghai University of Sport,Shanghai 200438,China;China Institute of Sport Science,Beijing 100061,China)

机构地区：[1]上海体育学院运动健康学院,上海200438 [2]国家体育总局体育科学研究所,北京100061

出　　处：《体育科学》2022年第12期55-67,共13页China Sport Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(11802068);国家体育总局体育科学研究所基本科研业务费资助项目(基本19-06)。

摘　　要：冬奥赛场是一个竞争极度激烈的体育环境,细微的运动表现提升也会影响许多运动项目的最终名次。在跳台滑雪、速度滑冰、高山滑雪和雪车等高速运动中,气动阻力是一个重要阻力,同时也是越野滑雪、冰球和单板滑雪障碍追逐等项目运动表现的重要决定因素。研究阐述了冬季运动项目中气动阻力以及风洞实验方法,并系统梳理了近20年来冬季运动项目气动减阻的风洞实验研究成果,从中总结凝练了冬季运动项目气动减阻的技术方案,涉及跳台滑雪、雪车、钢架雪车、雪橇等冬季运动项目。The Winter Olympics are a highly competitive sporting environment where subtle improvements in performance can impact the final order in many events.Aerodynamic drag is the major resistive force in high-speed sports,such as ski jumping,speed skatingalpine skiing and bobsleigh.In addition,it is also the animportant determinant of sports performance in sports such as cross-country skiing,ice hockey and snowboard cross.In order to have a clear and comprehensive understanding of the aerodynamic drag reduction technology in winter sports,this article reviewed the role of aerodynamic drag in winter sports and wind tunnel experimental methods,the wind tunnel experimental research results of aerodynamic drag reduction in winter sports in recent 20 years were also summarized.Based on the literatures,the technical scheme of aerodynamic drag reduction in winter sports was summarized,including ski jumping,bobsleigh,skeleton,luge,speed skating,alpine skiing,cross-country,biathlon,ice hockey,ski-cross and snowboard cross.

关 键 词：空气动力学 减阻 风洞 实验研究 冬季运动 

分 类 号：G804.6[文化科学—运动人体科学]