如何理解大一统:比较历史视野中的汉政典制化与罗马帝国困境  

Understanding the Openly Integrated Order: A Comparativeand Historical Study of the Han Politics Paradigmand the Predicament of the Roman Empire

作　　者：张舒 任锋[2] Zhang Shu;Ren Feng

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学政治与行政学院,天津300387 [2]中国人民大学国际关系学院政治学系,北京100872

出　　处：《学海》2023年第2期84-92,140,共10页Academia Bimestris

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“比较视野下的大一统政治理论研究”(项目号:22AZZ001)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：传统中国的国家形态并非帝国,而是大一统。相比罗马帝国代表的军事统治主导与政治裂变性,大一统更具文治精神与政治聚合性。经过西汉前期的政治更化,郡县制大一统得到巩固更新,汉政典制成为中国后世政治的范型,而唐宋分别代表了强弱两类外向性的大一统模式。相比政体论和国家论,治体论重在揭示大一统与大国礼治的关联,后者透过中心与四方、政府与社会、文教与多种信仰、华夏诸族群的开放融合,发展出古今通贯、政治和经济、文教一体化的中心统合主义机制。大一统国家形态历经封建、郡县和现代共和的政制演变而得以维系,有赖于中心统合主义机制的返本开新。The traditional state of China is not an empire,but an openly integrated order.Compared with the military rule and political fragmentation represented by the Roman Empire,the Openly Integrated Order had more spirit of political governance and internal politics.After the political reform in the early Western Han dynasty,the system of prefectures and counties of unification was consolidated and renewed,and the Han politics gradually formed and became the paradigm of Chinese traditional politics in later generations,while the Tang and Song respectively represented the strong and the weak type.Compared with the polity theory and the state theory,the Political Fundamentals(Zhi-ti)theory focuses on revealing the relationship between the openly integrated order and rule of Li(礼)for great state politics,the latter has developed the centralistic integration mechanism of the ancient and modern communication penetration,and the integration of politics,economy and culture through the open integration of the center and the four sides,the government and society,the culture and education and various faiths,and the ethnic groups in China.The openly integrated order state form has been maintained through the evolution of feudalism,prefectures and counties and modern republicanism,which depends on the return to and renewal of the centralistic integration mechanism.

关 键 词：帝国 大一统 治体 中心统合主义 大国礼治 

分 类 号：K23[历史地理—历史学] K126[历史地理—中国史] D691[政治法律—政治学] D033.1[政治法律—中外政治制度]