《民法典》体系化下船舶物权变动规则解释论  

Interpretation of Ship’s Real Rights Changeunder the Systematization of the Civil Code

作　　者：李志文[1] Li Zhiwen

机构地区：[1]大连海事大学法学院,大连116026

出　　处：《学海》2023年第2期183-191,共9页Academia Bimestris

摘　　要：因《民法典》和《海商法》欠缺船舶物权变动条件的规定,学界对此形成了“交付说”与“合意说”两种认识,两种认识的分歧缘于交付主义对船舶法律属性的认识偏差及形式主义物权变动模式的思维惯性。在我国《民法典》对物权变动采取形式主义和意思主义二元模式并存的背景下,船舶物权变动“登记对抗”规则与动产物权变动形式主义模式下的“交付说”并不契合。为此,解释船舶物权变动规则,应以船舶作为准不动产且其交易需注重内部安全的价值判断为逻辑基点,综合运用目的解释、比较解释以及体系解释等方法,诠释《民法典》体系下船舶物权变动的意思主义模式,阐明船舶物权变动中“登记对抗”构造的真意,考虑船舶物权与地役权、土地承包经营权等变动规则的一体化,以合意生效弥合我国现有船舶物权变动规范的不完整,并通过未来修改《海商法》予以完善。As the Civil Code and Maritime Law do not provide for the conditions for ship’s real rights change,two views had been formed in academic world,which are the delivery theory and the agreement theory.The divergences of two views are caused by the misconception of ship’s legal attribute under the delivery theory and habitual thinking of formalism patterns of real rights change.And because the formalism and intentionalism of real rights change are both provided in the Civil Code,the rules of registration resistance in ship’s real rights change do not fit with the delivery theory under the formalism patterns of movable real rights change.For this reason,when interpreting the rules of ship’s real rights change,the ship should be regarded as quasi-immovable and the transaction of ship should focus on the value judgment of internal security.Using the methods of teleological interpretation,comparative interpretation and systematic interpretation to illustrate the intentionalism of ship’s real rights change under the Civil Code,clarifying the true meaning of“registration resistance”in the change of ship’s real rights,attempting to achieve the integration of ship’s real rights,servitude and conventional usufruct on rural land for agricultural operations,making up the defect of current rules of ship’s real rights change in China with the theory of effectiveness upon agreement,and perfecting the rules through the future amendments to the Maritime Law.

关 键 词：民法典 船舶物权变动 解释论 

分 类 号：D923.2[政治法律—民商法学] D922.294[政治法律—法学]