北京市农贸市场鼠情危害情况分析及应对策略  

Hazard analysis and coping strategy for rodents in famers’market,Beijing

作　　者：付学锋[1] 赵显丰[2] 佟颖[1] FU Xue-feng;ZHAO Xian-feng;TONG Ying(Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Beijing 100013,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市疾病预防控制中心,100013 [2]北京市通州区疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《首都公共卫生》2023年第1期37-40,共4页Capital Journal of Public Health

摘　　要：目的通过对北京市2015-2020年部分农贸市场鼠密度监测数据进行分析,了解农贸市场防鼠设施情况和各类人员防鼠知识等调查数据,为防制策略的制定提供依据。方法依据国家标准《病媒生物密度监测方法鼠类:GB/T 23798-2009》,于2015-2020年间,对北京部分农贸市场内鼠密度进行连续监测;依据国家标准《病媒生物综合管理技术规范环境治理鼠类:GB/T 31712-2015》对各个农贸市场防鼠设施进行调查;对农贸市场内的摊主、工作人员、顾客进行防鼠设施知晓、卫生状况满意度等进行问卷调查。结果北京市农贸市场鼠平均密度为0.225%,仅略低于中小餐饮行业,明显高于宾馆饭店、居民区等其他环境类型,其中2019年鼠密度达最高(0.317%)。所调查农贸市场内地面硬化全部合格,但下水管排水网、鼠篦子等防鼠设施合格率较低(分别为73.68%和75.90%),鼠站等放置正确率(66.06%)和鼠饵新鲜率(46.90%)也较低。市场内整体卫生情况较差,满意率较低(58.33%)。重点摊位具有单独合格的库房和操作(售卖)间的为64.91%。结论应加强农贸市场的日常管理,增强人员防鼠意识,及时修补各项防鼠设施,提高鼠站、粘鼠板的正确使用率,从而降低环境的鼠密度。Objective To put forward various prevention and control strategies according to local conditions,the surveillance data of rodent density in Beijing farmers’market from 2015 to 2020 were analyzed,including the status of rodentproof facilities and the questionnaire data on rodent-proof knowledge of the people in the markets,and provide evidence for making prevention and control strategy.Methods According to the Surveillance Method for Vector Density-Rodent(National Standard GB/T 23798-2009),the rodent density in some farmers’markets was monitored from 2015 to 2020;according to the Guideline for Integrate Vector Management-Environmental-Rodent(National Standard GB/T 31712-2015),the rodent-proof facilities in the farmers’market were investigated;and the knowledge of rodent prevention and satisfaction with sanitary conditions of vendors staff and customers in the market were investigated by a questionnaire.Results In Beijing,the average rodent density in the farmers’market from 2015 to 2020 was 0.225%,with a peak density of 0.317%in 2019.The average rodent density was slightly lower than that in restaurant,and higher than that in hotel residences and other environments.The ground hardening of the investigated market was qualified.However,the qualified rates of drain-pipe and rat screen were 73.68%and 75.90%,respectively,the correct rate of placing rat cage was 66.06%,and the fresh rate of bait was 46.90%.The hygiene condition of market was serous and satisfaction rate was lower(58.33%).The percentage of key stalls with separate qualified storage and operation(vending)rooms was only 64.91%.Conclusions It is recommended that further measures should be taken to strengthen daily management measures of farmers’markets,enhance people rodent-proof consciousness,timely repair rodent-proof facilities,improve correct utilization rate about rodent trap and sticky trap,to reduce the density of rodents in the environment.

关 键 词：农贸市场 鼠密度监测 防鼠设施 

分 类 号：R184.35[医药卫生—流行病学]