不同播期下高粱的农艺经济性状、产量及其与主要气象因子的相关性  

Effects of Different Sowing Date on Agronomic and Economic Trait,and Yield of Different Sorghum Varieties and Their Correlations with Main Meteorological Factors

作　　者：章洁琼 赵小敏 左晋 宋碧[4] 胡朝凤 陈思宇 邹军 ZHANG Jieqiong;ZHAO Xiaoming;ZUO Jin;SONG Bi;HU Chaofeng;CHEN Siyu;ZOU Jun(Guizhou General Station of Agricultural Technology Extension,Guiyang,Guizhou 550001;Zunyi Service Center for Crop Farming Development,Zunyi,Guizhou 563000;Guizhou Institute of Mountainous Environment and Climate,Guiyang,Guizhou 550002;Guizhou University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025;Guizhou Institute of Upland Crops,Guiyang,Guizhou 550006,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农作物技术推广总站,贵州贵阳550001 [2]遵义市种植业发展服务中心,贵州遵义563000 [3]贵州省山地气候环境研究所,贵州贵阳550002 [4]贵州大学,贵州贵阳550025 [5]贵州省旱粮研究所,贵州贵阳550006

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2023年第4期25-34,共10页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省科技成果应用及产业化项目[黔科合成果(2021)一般004]。

摘　　要：【目的】探明贵州直播高粱的适宜播期,为当地高粱高产提供科学依据。【方法】以贵州主推高粱品种红缨子、红珍珠和台糯9号为试验材料,在2个不同生态区(清镇市、汇川区)设3月20日、3月30日、4月9日、4月19日、4月29日5个播期,研究不同播期下不同高粱品种的农艺性状、地上部干物质、产量及其构成因素的变化趋势,分析主要气象因子与高粱农艺经济指标及产量的相关性。【结果】高粱生育期随播期的推迟而逐渐缩短,播期对高粱的茎粗无显著影响。不同生态区域下播期对高粱产量有不同影响,平均产量清镇市试点第1个播期(3月20日)最高,达7021.70 kg/hm^(2);汇川区试点第4个播期(4月19日)最高,达7662.26 kg/hm^(2)。不同生态区域下高粱产量构成因素的表现不同,清镇市试点高粱穗粒重和穗实粒数均表现为随播期的推迟呈逐渐下降趋势,与该试点的产量表现一致。汇川区试点第3个播期的高粱穗粒重最高,其次是第4个播期,与该试点的产量表现基本一致。2个试点的千粒重表现一致,均为第4个播期的千粒重最高。不同高粱品种在不同生态区播期下,不同部位的干物质积累量不同,穗部干物质占比最大。不同高粱品种对气象因子的响应存在差异,高粱的生育期、穗长、产量与日平均气温呈负相关关系,产量与降水量呈正相关关系。【结论】贵州省清镇市高粱的适宜播期为3月中下旬,早播有利于高粱产量的形成;汇川区高粱的适宜播期为4月中上旬。【Objective】The suitable sowing date for direct sowing sorghum is discussed to provide the scientific basis for high-yield of sorghum in Guizhou.【Method】The effects of different sowing dates(20 March,30 March,9 April,19 April and 29 April)on agronomic and economic traits,aboveground parts dry matter,yield and yield components of three sorghum varieties(Hongyingzi,Hongzhenzhu and Tainuo 9)in two different ecological areas(Qinzhen City and Huichuan District)are studied and the correlations between main meteorological factors and agronomic traits,economic traits,yield of sorghum varieties are determined.【Result】The growth period of sorghum gradually shortens with delay of sowing date but the sowing date has no significant effect on stem diameter.The sowing date in different ecological areas has the different effect on yield of sorghum.The average yield of sorghum sowed on 20 March reaches 7021.70 kg/hm^(2)(the highest)in Qingzhen City and the average yield of sorghum sowed on 19 April is 7662.26 kg/hm^(2)(the highest)in Huichuan District.There is a difference in yield components of sorghum between two ecological areas.The grain weight per panicle and filled grains per panicle of sorghum both show the declining trend with delay of sowing date in Qingzhen City,which accords with yield performance in Qingzhen City.The grain weight per panicle of sorghum sowed on 9 April is the highest in Huichuan District,followed by on 19 April,which accords with yield performance in Huichuan District basically.There is no difference in 1000-grain weight of sorghum between two ecological areas and 1000-grain weight of sorghum sowed on 19 April both are the highest in two ecological areas.There is a difference in dry matter accumulation of different sorghum parts of different sorghum varieties sowed on different dates in different ecological areas and the proportion of dry matter accumulation in sorghum panicles is the highest.Different sorghum varieties have different responses to meteorological factors.The growth period,pa

关 键 词：高粱 播期 农艺经济性状 产量 产量构成因素 气象因子 

分 类 号：S514[农业科学—作物学]