蚕豆秸秆添加腐熟剂还田对植烟土壤与烟叶品质的影响  

Effects of Vicia faba Straw+Different Decomposition Agents on Tobacco-growing Soil and Tobacco Leaf Quality

作　　者：黄鹤鸣 刘羿男 孙兴权 许山河 龙伟 林先塔 卢平 丁从凯 刘宏 陈国辉 HUANG Heming;LIU Yinan;SUN Xingquan;XU Shanhe;LONG Wei;LIN Xianta;LU Ping;DING Congkai;LIU Hong;CHEN Guohui(China Tobacco Fujian Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Xiamen,Fujian 361012;Chuxiong Branch Company,Yunnan Tobacco Company,Chuxiong,Yunnan 675500;Yunnan Reascend Tobacco Technology(Group)Co.,Ltd.,Kunming,Yunnan 650106,China)

机构地区：[1]福建中烟工业有限责任公司,福建厦门361012 [2]云南省烟草公司楚雄州公司,云南楚雄675500 [3]云南瑞升烟草技术(集团)有限公司,云南昆明650106

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2023年第4期35-43,共9页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：福建中烟工业有限责任公司科技项目“基于秸秆肥料化利用的云南原料基地烟叶品质提升技术研究及应用”(FJZYHZJH2020015)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明蚕豆秸秆添加腐熟剂还田对植烟土壤和烟叶品质的影响,为优化闲置生物质资源的循环利用技术、改良植烟土壤和改善烟叶品质提供参考。【方法】采用完全随机区组试验设计,以普通商品有机肥+化肥为对照(CK),研究蚕豆秸秆+化肥、蚕豆秸秆+化肥+1号腐熟剂、蚕豆秸秆+化肥+2号腐熟剂、蚕豆秸秆+化肥+3号腐熟剂、蚕豆秸秆+化肥+4号腐熟剂和蚕豆秸秆+化肥+5号腐熟剂对植烟土壤及烟叶品质的影响。【结果】蚕豆秸秆添加不同腐熟剂还田对植烟土壤及烟叶品质的影响存在差异。蚕豆秸秆+化肥处理土壤速效钾含量、综合肥力值和蔗糖酶活性分别为184.10 mg/kg、0.71和14.05 mg/(g·d),显著高于CK;土壤真菌、细菌、放线菌数量和可培养微生物总量与CK差异均不显著,烤后烟叶化学成分协调性综合得分最低,为0.55分,烟叶品质下降。蚕豆秸秆+化肥+3号腐熟剂处理土壤速效氮和速效钾含量分别为138.05 mg/kg和207.13 mg/kg,显著高于CK;综合肥力值最高,达0.72;土壤真菌较CK显著降低31.97%,细菌和放线菌分别显著提高53.85%和35.19%,可培养微生物总量较高,为12.17×10^(6)CFU/g;除过氧化氢酶外,蔗糖酶、脲酶和纤维素酶活性均有所提高,且酶活性指数最大,达1.11;烤后烟叶化学成分协调性综合得分最高,为0.73分,能有效提升烤烟品质。【结论】烤烟生长以施用蚕豆秸秆+化肥+3号腐熟剂效果最佳,可加快秸秆自然腐解进程,有效提升植烟土壤肥力和烤烟品质。【Objective】The effects of Vicia faba straw+decomposition agents on tobacco-growing soil and tobacco quality are explored to provide a reference for optimization of biomass resources cyclic utilization technique and improvement of tobacco-growing soil and tobacco quality.【Method】The effects of commercial organic fertilizer+chemical fertilizer(CK),V.faba straw+chemical fertilizer(T_(1)),V.faba straw+chemical fertilizer+No.1 decomposition agent(T_(2)),V.faba straw+chemical fertilizer+No.2 decomposition agent(T_(3)),V.faba straw+chemical fertilizer+No.3 decomposition agent(T_(4)),V.faba straw+chemical fertilizer+No.4 decomposition agent(T_(5))and V.faba straw+chemical fertilizer+No.5 decomposition agent(T 6)on tobacco-growing soil and tobacco quality are studied by a completely randomized block design.【Result】There are differences in tobacco-growing soil and tobacco quality among T_(2),T_(3),T_(4),T_(5) and T 6.The soil available potassium content,comprehensive fertility value and sucrose activity of T_(1) are 184.10 mg/kg,0.71 and 14.05 mg/(g·d)respectively and higher than CK.The difference in soil fungi,bacteria and actinomycetes quantity and total cultivable microorganism between CK and T_(1) is no significance.The comprehensive score of chemical components harmony of cured tobacco leaves of T_(1) is the lowest(0.55).The soil available nitrogen and available potassium content of T_(4) is 138.05 mg/kg and 207.13 mg/kg and higher than CK significantly.The soil comprehensive fertility of T_(4) reaches the highest(0.72).The soil fungi quantity of T_(4) is 31.97% lower than CK.The bacteria and actinomycetes quantity of T_(4) is 53.85% and 35.19% higher than CK respectively.The cultivable microorganism quantity of T_(4) is up to 12.17106 CFU/g.The soil sucrase,urease and cellulose activity of T_(4) increases to some extent except for catalase and the enzyme activity index reaches the maximum(1.11).The comprehensive score of chemical components harmony of cured tobacco leaves of T_(4) is the highest(0.73).�

关 键 词：烤烟 蚕豆秸秆 腐熟剂 土壤微生物 酶活性 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]