风险作为损害:大数据时代侵权“损害”概念的革新  

Risks as the Harm:Redefining"Damage"of Tort in Big Data Era

作　　者：田野 Tian Ye

机构地区：[1]天津大学法学院,天津300072

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（民商法学）》2022年第3期84-99,共16页Civil and Commercial Law

基　　金：司法部国家法治与法学理论研究项目“个人基因信息的法律保护研究”(项目编号:19SFB2045)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在个人信息的侵权法保护路径下,损害的认定陷入困境。个人信息损害因具有无形性、潜伏性、未知性、难以评估等特征,是否符合“确定性”标准存在疑问。为适应大数据时代的需求,应当对传统侵权法上的损害概念加以反思,承认风险性损害。损害的确定性不等于损害已发生,实质性的未来风险亦可满足确定性要求。信息暴露带来的风险升高、预防风险的支出和风险引发的焦虑是侵权造成利益差额的体现,皆可成立损害。个人信息风险损害的认定应以场景化为基本进路,于个案中综合考量信息的类型、处理行为的目的方式、信息误用的迹象等因素而做出判断。It is difficult to recognize the"damage"under the framework of protecting personal information through the tort law.The damage to personal information is intangible,latent,obscure and difficult to evaluate,so it is doubtful whether it satisfies the"certainty"test.In order to meet the needs of big data era,the concept of damage in traditional tort law should be reconsidered,and damage of risks should be recognized.The certainty in damage does not mean that the damage has already occurred and material risks in the future can also meet the requirement of certainty test.The increased risk caused by information exposure,the expense for risk prevention and the anxiety caused by the risks are the manifestations of the interest differences caused by infringement and thus can constitute damage.The recognition of damage of risks to personal information should be made by taking the contextualization as the basic approach and decision should be made by comprehensively considering facts such as the type of information,the purpose and method of information processing,signs of information misuse in individual cases.

关 键 词：个人信息 侵权 损害 确定性 风险 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]