2021-2022年山东荣成海带产区大规模溃烂灾害综合调查分析  

Comprehensive Analysis of Large-Scale Saccharina japonica Damage in the Principal Farming Area of Rongcheng in Shandong Province from 2021 to 2022

作　　者：李晓东 苏丽[1,2,3] 李晓捷[4] 李杰 徐英江 常丽荣[7] 于仁成 杨德周 逄少军[1,2,3] LI Xiaodong;SU Li;LI Xiaojie;LI Jie;XU Yingjiang;CHANG Lirong;YU Rencheng;YANG Dezhou;PANG Shaojun(Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shandong Qingdao 266071,China;Center for Ocean Mega-Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shandong Qingdao 266071,China;Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology,Shandong Qingdao 266071,China;Provincial Key Laboratory of Algae Genetic Breeding and Cultivation Techniques of Shandong,Shandong Oriental Ocean Sci-tech Co.,Ltd.,Shandong Yantai 264003,China;Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Shandong Qingdao 266071,China;Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute,Shandong Yantai 264006,China;Weihai Changqing Ocean Science and Technology Co.,Ltd,Shandong Rongcheng 264300,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院海洋研究所,山东青岛266071 [2]中国科学院海洋大科学研究中心,山东青岛266071 [3]青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室,山东青岛266071 [4]山东东方海洋科技股份有限公司,山东省海藻遗传育种与栽培技术重点实验室,山东烟台264003 [5]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,山东青岛266071 [6]山东省海洋资源与环境研究院,山东烟台264006 [7]威海长青海洋科技股份有限公司,山东荣成264300

出　　处：《中国农业科技导报》2023年第1期206-222,共17页Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32061133008);山东省重点研发计划(农业良种工程)项目(2021LZGC029);财政部和农业农村部现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-50);中国科学院生物遗传资源库专项(CZBZX-1)。

摘　　要：2021年11月至2022年4月,海带(Saccharina japonica)主产区山东荣成发生了海带溃烂灾害,受灾面积超9 300 hm^(2),直接经济损失20亿元。通过现场调查、室内试验、资料分析等手段进行了研究,结果显示,2021年10月至2022年12月,由多纹膝沟藻(Gonyaulax polygramma)和红色赤潮藻(Akashiwo sanguinea)构成的赤潮,顺自西向东沿岸流进入荣成海带养殖区,自北至南蔓延,暴发海域可溶解磷酸盐含量为3.68μg·L^(-1),凸显磷限制;室内培养试验显示问题海域海水正常;浮标观测显示,养殖区2021年11月盐度30.92 PSU,显著偏低;养殖区海水透明度显著高于往年同期。综上,此次灾害归因于海水透明度季节性偏高、赤潮藻枯竭了海带早期生长赖以需要的营养元素,溃烂海带促进了褐藻酸降解菌繁殖,加速溃烂过程,带来次生灾害。Large-scale festered Saccharina japonica damage broke out in Rongcheng,one of the principal Saccharina japonica production region in China from November 2021 to April 2022.This natural disaster covered an area of 9300 hm^(2) and caused a direct economic loss of 20×10^(8) yuan(RMB).Results of field survey,indoor culture experiments and historical data analyses unveiled the sequential process of this unprecedented event.Driven by surface water current,red tide of Gonyaulax polygramma and Akashiwo sanguinea travelled from the west to the east along and bypassed Shandong peninsula,entering Saccharina japonica farming region.Dissolved phosphorus in seawater was detected to be at 3.68μg·L-1,reaching limited level for Saccharina japonica growth.Seedlings of Saccharina japonica grew normally in seawater sampled from the problematic area.Survey buoy mounted at the problematic region recorded a significant low salinity of 30.92 PSU and a much higher surface water transparency during the breaking time.In general,over high seasonal water transparency and exhausted nutrients resulted from the red tides were considered to be the direct causes.Festered blade tissue facilitated propagation of alginate-degrading bacteria,causing secondary damage in the entire farming region.

关 键 词：海带 赤潮 营养盐 水产养殖 灾害 

分 类 号：F326.4[经济管理—产业经济]