全球政治经济风险与东南亚粮食安全的韧性——以印度尼西亚为例  

Global Political and Economic Risks and the Resilience of Food Security in Southeast Asia:Taking Indonesia as an Example

作　　者：潘玥 PAN Yue(School of International Relations/Academy of Overseas Chinese Studies,Jinan University,Guangzhou,China)

机构地区：[1]暨南大学国际关系学院/华侨华人研究院

出　　处：《东南亚研究》2023年第1期62-86,156,共26页Southeast Asian Studies

摘　　要：粮食安全是全球发展倡议的重点议题。近年来,新冠疫情、俄乌冲突和环境变化等全球政治经济风险引起了包括东南亚在内的全球性粮食危机。作为东南亚人口最多、经济体量最大且对俄乌的小麦和化肥依赖程度较高的国家,印尼的粮食安全受到国内生产和国际贸易的双重压力。从粮食生产来看,环境变化和新冠疫情使印尼粮食产量下降,加上化肥价格上涨,粮食价格进一步提高,同时粮食进口量增加、自给自足程度降低,加重了佐科政府的财政负担。从国际贸易来看,疫情和俄乌冲突阻断了全球粮食供应链,影响了印尼粮食的进出口贸易。对此,佐科政府采取增加主要粮食生产、稳定粮价、加强农业技术和资金扶持、深化国际合作等一系列举措,以提高粮食安全韧性。此外,印尼还发挥二十国集团成员和东盟轮值主席国的作用,促进不同国家粮食政策的沟通和协调,积极推动在区域和全球层面应对粮食危机的集体行动和制度安排。作为人口大国和产粮大国,印尼的粮食安全政策对于地区乃至全球安全与发展具有重要意义。Food secunity is a key issue of global development initiatives.Global political and economic risks such as the COVID-19 epidemic,the conflict between Russia and U-kmaine and environmental changes have caused the global food crisis,induding in Southeast Asia.As Indonesia,which has the langest population and langest economy in Southeast Asia and is highly dependent on Russian and Ukrainian wheat and fertilizer,its food secuity is under dual pressure fom domestic production and intemational trade.From the perspective of food production,environmental changes and the COVID-19 epidemic have reduced food production,coupled with rising fertilizer prices,which have further incareased food prices and increased food imports and reduced self-suficiency,adding to the Jokowi govermment's finan cial burden.From an intermational trade perspective,the epidemic and conflict between Rus-sian and Ukraine has blocked the global food supply chain and affected the import and export tnade of Indonesian food.In response,the Jokowi's govemment futher improved the self-suf-ficiency level of food seaunity,strengthened the resilience of food production and supply to cope with risks,and promoted food seaunity by increasing the food production,stabilizing food prices,strengthening agniculural technology and financial suppot,and deepening inter-national cooperation.In addition,Indonesia gives full play to the leading role of the rotating presidency of the G20 and ASEAN,promotes the communication and coordination of food policies of different counties,and actively promotes collective actions and institutional ar rangements to address the food cisis at the regional and global levels.As a large population and grain producing country,Indonesia's food secunity policy is also significant for regional and global scaunity and development.

关 键 词：粮食安全 印尼 东南亚 俄乌冲突 新冠疫情 环境变化 全球政治经济风险 

分 类 号：F336.1[经济管理—产业经济]