循环水养殖系统中3种生物填料的挂膜、微生物群落组成及对大口黑鲈生长的影响  

Analysis of Biofilm Culturing,Microbial Community Composition of Three Biological Fillers in Recirculating Aquaculture System and Their Effects on Growth of Largemouth Bass(Micropterus salmoides)

作　　者：李倩[1] 孙丽慧[1] 郭建林[1] 郑刚 姜建湖[1] 陈建明[1] 高令梅 LI Qian;SUN Lihui;GUO Jianlin;ZHENG Gang;JIANG Jianhu;CHEN Jianming;GAO Lingmei(Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries,Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture,Huzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Quality Improvement and Processing Technology,Huzhou 313001,China;Zhoushan Ocean Research Center,Zhejiang University,Zhoushan 316100,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省淡水水产研究所,农业农村部淡水渔业健康养殖重点实验室,湖州市水产品品质提升与加工技术重点实验室,浙江湖州313001 [2]浙江大学舟山海洋研究中心,浙江舟山316100

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2023年第3期143-152,共10页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：浙江省重点研发计划项目(2021C02024);湖州市乡村振兴专项(2019ZD2028)。

摘　　要：为探索大口黑鲈循环水养殖系统中适宜的水处理生物填料,以方形海绵、Mutag Biochip 30和流化球生物填料为研究对象,以初始体质量为(20.46±0.46)g的大口黑鲈为养殖对象,分析生物填料的挂膜时间及微生物群落组成,并评估大口黑鲈的生长情况。结果表明,自然挂膜条件下,3种生物填料的挂膜时间为17~21 d。16S rDNA高通量测序结果表明,在门水平,填料生物膜和对应养殖水体中的细菌微生物群落优势菌相同,均为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteriota);在属水平,生物填料和对应养殖水体中细菌微生物群落组成有所差异,养殖水体的优势菌为雷夫松氏菌(Leifsonia)、Incertae_sedis,而生物填料的生物膜中,热单胞菌属(Thermomonas)是方形海绵组的优势菌,Mutag Biochip 30和流化球组的优势菌相同,为硝化螺旋菌属(Nitrospira)。养殖试验结果表明,经过44 d养殖,方形海绵组大口黑鲈的末体质量、增重率显著高于其他试验组,饲料系数显著低于Mutag Biochip 30组,不同生物填料组大口黑鲈的存活率无显著差异。综上,在短期内,方形海绵是一种较为实用的循环水养殖水处理生物填料。In order to explore practical water⁃treating biological fillers for largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides)in recirculating aquaculture system,with square sponge,Mutag Biochip 30 and fluid sphere as biological fillers,largemouth bass with initial body weight of(20.46±0.46)g as experimental objects,the biofilm maturing time and microbial community composition were analyzed,and the growth of largemouth bass was evaluated.The results showed that the maturing time of the three biological fillers was 17—21 d under natural conditions.16S rDNA high⁃throughput sequencing results showed that the dominant bacteria of biological fillers at the phylum level were the same as those in the corresponding cultured water samples,namely Proteobacteria and Actinobacteriota.At the genus level,the bacterial microbial community composition of biological fillers was different from that of corresponding cultured water samples.Leifsonia and Incerta‑sedis were the dominant bacteria in the water samples.Thermomonas was the dominant genus in the square sponge biological filler,while Mutag Biochip 30 and fluid sphere had the same dominant genus as Nitrospira.The results of breeding experiments indicated that after 44 days,the final body weight and weight gain rate of largemouth bass in the square sponge group were significantly higher than those in the other experimental groups,the feed conversion ratio was significantly lower than that of Mutag Biochip 30 group,and there was no significant difference in the survival rate among different biological fillers.In conclusion,in the short term,square sponge is a practical biological filler for recirculating aquaculture water treatment.

关 键 词：大口黑鲈 循环水养殖 生物填料 方形海绵 Mutag Biochip 30 流化球 

分 类 号：S955[农业科学—水产养殖] Q938[农业科学—水产科学]