农业劳动力转移、生产率提高与地区全员劳动生产率增长--基于改革开放以来31个省份的比较  

Agricultural Labor Transfer,Productivity Improvement and Regional Labor Productivity Growth-Based on the Comparison of Labor Productivity among 31 Provinces

作　　者：胡晨沛 胡霞[1] Hu Chenpei;Hu Xia(School of Economics,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学经济学院,北京100872

出　　处：《当代经济管理》2023年第4期69-76,共8页Contemporary Economic Management

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目《高质量发展视阈下中国劳动力结构性错配的测算与对策研究》(22ATJ004);中国人民大学中央高校建设世界一流大学(学科)和特色发展引导专项资金。

摘　　要：全员劳动生产率增长可分解为劳动力在农业与非农业间配置的结构效应,以及农业等各行业劳动生产率提升的增长效应。文章利用指数分解方法,对1978—2019年31个省份(不含港澳台地区)农业和非农业两部门劳动力和生产率数据展开分析,尝试探究不同省份全员劳动生产率增长的动能所在。结果显示:第一,改革开放以来各省份农业增加值占GDP比重有不同程度下降,但部分省份农业相对于非农业的劳动生产率出现上升;第二,从结构效应看,改革开放以来各省份劳动力结构效应对全员劳动生产率提升的带动效应总体呈上升趋势,但受劳动力转移速度放缓等因素影响,多数省份结构效应增势正在减弱;第三,从增长效应看,“十三五”时期各省份全员劳动生产率背后的增长效应继续提高,东、中部增长效应总体更高,农业劳动生产率增长效应较高省份则集中在农业大省。从农业视角看,农业劳动力转移对全员劳动生产率提升仍有促进作用,但农业劳动生产率是中长期全员劳动生产率提高的关键所在。The growth of total labor productivity can be divided into the structural effect of labor allocation between agriculture and non-agricultural industries,and the growth effect of labor productivity improvement in agriculture and other industries.This paper uses the index decomposition method to analyze the labor force and productivity data of agricultural and non-agricultural sectors in China’s 31 provinces(excluding Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan)from 1978 to 2019,and tries to explore the driving force of the growth of total labor productivity in different provinces.The results show that:firstly,the proportion of the added value of agriculture in the GDP of each province has decreased since the reform and opening up,but the labor productivity of agriculture in some provinces has increased comparing with non-agricultural labor productivity;secondly,the driving effect of the labor force structure effect of each province has shown an upward trend,but due to factors such as the slowing down of labor force transfer,the growth of structural effect of most provinces is weakening;thirdly,the growth effect behind the overall labor productivity of all provinces continued to improve during the“13th Five Year Plan”period.The growth effect in the east and middle regions is generally higher than that in the west and northeast regions.The provinces with higher agricultural labor productivity growth effect are concentrated in major agricultural provinces.In general,the transfer of agricultural labor still promotes the improvement of overall labor productivity,but agricultural labor productivity is the key to the improvement of overall labor productivity in the medium and long term.

关 键 词：农业劳动生产率 结构效应 增长效应 区域比较 

分 类 号：F323.0[经济管理—产业经济] F323.6