民族聚落中少数民族武术拳种的田野调查研究  

Field Investigation into Minority Wushu Categories in Ethnic Villages

作　　者：陶朔秀[1] 童国军[2] 王明建[3] TAO Shuoxiu;TONG Guojun;WANG Mingjian(Physical Education College,Chengdu University,Chengdu 610000,China;College of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation,North Sichuan Medical University,Nanchong 637000,China;Graduate School,Chengdu University of Physical Education,Chengdu 610000,China)

机构地区：[1]成都大学体育学院,四川成都610000 [2]川北医学院运动医学与康复学院,四川南充637000 [3]成都体育学院研究生院,四川成都610000

出　　处：《体育学研究》2023年第2期17-24,共8页Journal of Sports Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目(17BTY107);四川省社科联、教育厅人文社科重点项目(TY2021W101)。

摘　　要：以民族聚落为田野考察点,以少数民族武术拳种为研究对象,运用田野调查、参与观察、逻辑分析等研究方法,借助人类学理论与方法,深入探讨7个民族聚落中少数民族武术拳种的生存与传承等问题。研究发现:民族聚落是少数民族武术拳种形成、发展和演变的历史场域和主体实践空间;民族聚落中少数民族武术拳种传承表现为“血—地—业”交织而成的多缘并存的承继状态。具体而言,贵州麻江县龙山镇的苗拳、贵州黎平县觅洞村的黑虎拳和广西平果县春德村的春德壮拳以“血缘”为主导,河北沧州市孟村的八极拳和贵州独山县塘香村的布依拳以“地缘”为主体,云南盈江县喊撒村的孔雀拳和四川宣汉县天台乡的土家余门拳以“业缘”为主干;民族聚落中少数民族武术拳种的“师缘关系”是维系其多缘并存的纽带,“德行礼仪”是其文化品性的律令,而“功有其法、舞有其套、击有其术、拳有其理”是少数民族武术拳种技理意涵的核心。Taking ethnic villages asfield research points,and minority Wushu categories as research objects,this article deeply discussed the survival and inheritance of minority Wushu categories in 7 ethnic villages with the help of anthropological theories and methods.And Field investigation,participation observation,logical analysis and other research methods were also used.The results showed that:the ethnic village was the historical field and main practice space of the formation,development and evolution of minority Wushu.The inheritance of minority Wushu categories in ethnic villages was manifested as the inheritance of“blood-geography-profession”.Specifically,Miao Quan in Longshan Town,Majiang County,Guizhou Province,Heihu Quan in Midong Village,Liping County,Guizhou Province and Chunde Zhuang Quan in Chunde Village,Pingguo County,Guangxi Province were mainly dominated by“blood ties”;Baji Quan in Mengcun Village,Cangzhou City,Hebei Province,and Buyi Quan in Tangxiang Village,Dushan County,Guizhou Province were mainly dominated by“geography tie”;The Kongque Quan of Hansa Village,Yingjiang County,Yunnan Province and Tujia Yumen Quan of Tiantai Town,Xuanhan County,Sichuan Province were mainly dominated by“profession tie”.As for minority Wushu categories in ethnic villages,the“division relationship”was the bond that maintains their coexistence,“virtue and etiquette”was the rule of their cultural characters,and“merit has its method,dance has its set,strike has its skill,andfist has its reason”was the core of the technique and theory of minority Wushu categories.

关 键 词：民族聚落 少数民族武术 拳种 武术传承 德行礼仪 田野考察 

分 类 号：G852.1[文化科学—民族体育]