油菜秸秆还田对土壤性质及高粱产量的影响  

Effects of Rapeseed Straw Returning on Soil Properties and Sorghum Yield

作　　者：王秋月 王晨光 魏灵 尹学伟[1] 鲁远源[1] 李清虎 张晓春[1] WANG Qiuyue;WANG Chenguang;WEI Ling;YIN Xuewei;LU Yuanyuan;LI Qinghu;ZHANG Xiaochun(Institute of Characteristic Crops Research,Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chongqing 402160,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A&F University,Yangling Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市农业科学院特色作物研究所,重庆402160 [2]西北农林科技大学,水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西南大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第4期73-81,共9页Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：重庆市技术创新与应用发展专项(cstc2019jscx-msxmX0384);重庆市科研院所绩效激励引导专项(cqaas2020jxjl03);重庆市永川区自然科学基金项目(2022yc-jckx20033).

摘　　要：为了探究油菜秸秆全量还田与氮肥减施对土壤理化性质及高粱产量的影响,以期为油菜秸秆全量还田条件下氮肥的合理施用提供一定的参考,该研究通过田间试验,在油菜秸秆全量还田条件下,设置4个施氮水平(0,120,150,180 kg/hm^(2)),以常规施肥(180 kg/hm^(2)施氮量)为对照,探究不同处理下高粱产量及土壤理化性质的变化特征.结果表明:秸秆全量还田条件下180 kg/hm^(2)施氮量处理高粱产量最高,为6464.85 kg/hm^(2),但是秸秆全量还田条件下150 kg/hm^(2)施氮量处理的边际报酬率最高,为18.25%,且此时高粱产量和常规施肥的产量处于同一水平.在秸秆全量还田条件下土壤团聚体平均重量直径、饱和含水量、铵态氮、硝态氮、碱解氮、全氮、有效磷、全磷、速效钾、全钾以及有机质随氮肥施用量的增加均表现出先增加后减小的趋势,且均在氮肥施用量为150 kg/hm^(2)时达到最高,而容质量在此时最低.土壤综合质量由高到低依次为:SN2处理、SN1处理、SN3处理、CK处理、SN0处理.综上所述,在油菜秸秆全量还田时,最佳施用氮肥量为150 kg/hm^(2),此时氮肥边际报酬率最高,土壤质量最优,且产量与常规施肥产量处于同一水平.In order to investigate the effect of total rapeseed straw returning and N fertilizer reduction on soil physicochemical properties and sorghum yield,with a view to provide some references for the reasonable application of N fertilizer under the condition of returning total rape straw to the field,through field experiments,under the condition of returning rape straw to the field,four nitrogen application levels were set(0,120,150,180 kg/hm^(2)),and conventional fertilization(180 kg/hm^(2))was used as a control to explore the change characteristics of sorghum yield and soil physical and chemical properties under different treatments.The highest sorghum yield of 6464.85 kg/hm^(2)was recorded in the total straw returning and 180 kg/hm^(2)nitrogen treatment.The treatment with nitrogen application rate of 150 kg/hm^(2)under the condition of full straw returning to the field treatment had the highest marginal rate of return,which was 18.25%,and the sorghum yield was at the same level as that of the conventional fertilizer(180 kg/hm^(2)).With the increase of nitrogen fertilizer,the mean weight diameter of soil aggregates,saturated water content,ammonia nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen,total nitrogen,available phosphorus,total phosphorus,available potassium,total potassium and organic matter showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing,and reached to the highest when the nitrogen fertilizer application rate was 150 kg/hm^(2),while the bulk density was the lowest.In addition,the soil quality in descending order is the SN2 treatment,the SN1 treatment,the SN3 treatment,and CK treatment,the SN0 treatment.In summary,when the rapeseed straw is fully returned to the field,the optimal amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied is 150 kg/hm^(2).With this treatment,the marginal return of nitrogen fertilizer is the highest,the soil quality is the best,and the yield is at the same level as conventional fertilization.This study can provide a certain reference for the regional production practice of rapesee

关 键 词：秸秆还田 氮肥减施 边际报酬 理化性质 土壤质量评价 

分 类 号：S156[农业科学—土壤学]