环境风险的规制进路与范式重构——基于硬法与软法的二元构造  

Regulation Approach and Paradigm Reconstruction of Environmental Risk:On the Binary Basis of Hard Law and Soft Law

作　　者：董正爱[1] DONG Zheng-ai(Law School of Chongqing University,Chongqing 400030,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学法学院,重庆400030

出　　处：《现代法学》2023年第2期112-124,共13页Modern Law Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“环境健康风险权衡规制的法律构造研究”(20XFX018);中央高校基本科研业务费项目“环境健康风险预警制度体系构建研究”(2021CDJSKJC29)。

摘　　要：环境风险是现代国家环境治理的重要议题,规范主义和公共治理是当前环境风险规制的两种主要进路。实践中,规范主义规制模式存在规则体系的结构性不足与司法裁量的适用局限,而试图对其加以修正的公共治理模式则由于规范缺失与参与不足导致了环境风险规制的失范。从本质看,环境风险规制就是对风险中的诸多利益进行平衡与协调,规制活动应当确保合法性与回应性,故而有必要在“硬法—软法”的法理基础上重新认识环境风险规制的内涵。“硬法—软法”范式要求拓展法律的外延与规制要素,将包括公共利益在内的广泛因素纳入规制领域,完善互动协调的二元法体系以及成熟的法解释学等制度与技术支持,进而在此基础上构建环境风险规制的二元法构造模式。Environmental risk is an essential issue in modern national environmental governance.Prescriptivism and public governance are the two main approaches to environmental risk regulation.In practice,structural deficiency of rule mode and situational limitation of judicial discretion indwell the prescriptive regulation pattern.Nevertheless,the public governance which attempts to modify it has led the environmental risk regulation to anomy because of the lack of prescripts and insufficient participation.Environmental risk regulation is to essentially balance and coordinate the interests in the risk.And the regulation should ensure legality and responsiveness.Therefore,it’s necessary to reconceptualize the connotation of environmental risk regulation based on“hard law-soft law”jurisprudence.The“hard lawsoft law”paradigm requires expanding the extension and elements of law,including extensive public benefits.By technological and institutional buttress for the perfection of interactive binary legal system and mature hermeneutic of law,the binary mode of environmental risk regulation can be further constructed.

关 键 词：环境风险 规范主义 公共治理 硬法 软法 

分 类 号：DF468[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]