1985-2020年美国火灾的变化规律及其对气候变化的响应  

Research on the Variation and Driving Mechanism of Forest Fires in the United States During 1985-2020 Under the Background of Climate Change

作　　者：唐婉儒 姚启超 张秀梅 白毛伟 邢行 梅泽鹏 方克艳[1,2] TANG Wanru;YAO Qichao;ZHANG Xiumei;BAI Maowei;XING Hang;MEI Zepeng;FANG Keyan(School of Geographical Sciences,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350117,China;State Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Sciences and Technology and Fujian Province,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350117,China;Wildfire Research Center,The National Institute of Natural Harzards,Beijing 100085,China;Wildfire Prevention and Monitoring Center,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Beijing 100714,China)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学地理科学学院,福州350117 [2]福建师范大学、湿润亚热带山地生态国家重点实验室培育基地,福州350117 [3]国家自然灾害防治研究院森林草原防灭火研究中心,北京100085 [4]国家林业和草原局森林草原火灾预防监测中心,北京100714

出　　处：《亚热带资源与环境学报》2023年第1期79-86,共8页Journal of Subtropical Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学青年基金项目(42101082);国家自然科学基金面上项目(41971022)。

摘　　要：美国森林资源丰富,受林火侵扰尤为严重,是研究气候变化背景下火灾活动及其驱动机制的关键区域。基于1985—2020年美国火灾数据及全球CRU格点气象数据,利用Mann-Kendall检验法和相关分析法,研究美国林火变化趋势和突变年份,探讨突变前后林火对气候响应差异。结果表明美国过火面积在2001—2002年间发生突变,2002年以来美国过火面积对温度响应敏感的时空范围由夏季美国西部山地向冬春季美国中东部和南部地区扩展,美国西部林区过火面积受前一年自校准帕尔默干旱严重程度指数(sc_PDSI)的影响增强。2002—2020年过火面积受厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(ENSO)的影响减弱,受北大西洋涛动(NAO)的影响增强。As a forest-rich country,the United States has suffered forest fires severely.It is the critical area for studying forest fires and its driving mechanism under the background of climate change.Based on the U.S.fire data and the global CRU gridding meteorological data,the Mann-Kendall abrupt change test and correlation analysis were used to study the variation trend and abrupt years of U.S.forest fires from 1985 to 2020,and to explore the differences in the response of forest fires to climate before and after the abrupt years.The results show that the burned area changed abruptly between 2001 and 2002.Since 2002,the spatial and temporal range sensitive to the temperature response of burned area in the United States has expanded from the western mountains in summer to the mid-eastern and southern regions in winter and spring.The burning area in the western forest region of the United States was more impacted by the sc_PDSI in the previous year.From 2002 to 2020,the burned area was less impacted by the El Ni o-Southern Oscillation(ENSO),and more impacted by the North Atlantic Oscillation(NAO).

关 键 词：森林火灾 气候变化 美国 Mann-Kendall检验法 

分 类 号：S762[农业科学—森林保护学]