知识、疫病与商业:清代“痧药”运用及商业化  

Knowledge,Epidemics and Commerce:the Application and Commercialization of Sha-Medicine in the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：向亚军 XIANG Yajun(Faculty of History,Nankai University,Tianjin 300350,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学历史学院,天津300350

出　　处：《中医药文化》2023年第2期153-161,共9页Chinese Medical Culture

摘　　要：在日常生活中,“痧药”与“刮痧”“挑痧”等方法共同用于治疗“发痧”。刮、挑等“痧症”外治法在清代以前被广泛使用,药物疗法则在清初郭志邃撰著“痧症”专论时被正式纳入“痧症”的治疗模式。郭志邃自创的治痧方药运用不广,在疫病流行的背景下,“痧症”与疫病界限模糊,医家总结效验“痧药”用于疫病救疗,包括防疫功效药品在内的“痧药”被广泛用于慈善施药。随着市场机制的完善以及劳动分工和专业化程度的提高,医药市场中包揽药材炮制和成药修合的药铺大量出现,“痧药”供应模式呈现从慈善施送向商品化的转变,促使“痧药”进入日常医疗消费。In daily life,Sha-Medicine was used together with Sha-scraping and Sha-needling to treat Sha-eruption.The external therapies of Sha syndrome such as scraping and needling were widely employed before Qing Dynasty,while relevant drug therapy was formally incorporated into the treatment models when Guo Zhisui wrote a monograph on Sha syndrome in early Qing Dynasty.The formulas and medicines developed by Guo Zhisui had limited application since under the background of epidemics,the boundaries between Sha syndrome and epidemics were blurred,and effective and experienced Sha-medicines were generally consumed for prevention and control of epidemics,as in the charity distribution of free medicines.With the improvement of the market mechanism and the increase in the division of labor and specialization,a large number of pharmacies have emerged in the market to undertake herb processing and supply of patent medicines,and thus Sha-medicine was more provided by commercial pharmacies which promoted its widespread application in daily medical consumption.

关 键 词：痧药 痧症 疫病救疗 商业化 

分 类 号：R2-09[医药卫生—中医学]