中美制造业研发强度:差距、成因及政策启示  

Manufacturing R&D Intensity in China and the United States:Gaps,Causes and Policy Implications

作　　者：卢荻[1] 唐鹂鸣 Lu Di;Tang Li-ming

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学经济学院

出　　处：《经济学家》2023年第4期67-78,共12页Economist

摘　　要：研发强度是创新投入跨国比较的主要指标,也是创新激励政策的重要目标,在中美竞争背景下对两国制造业研发强度进行比较研究意义重大。利用OECD商业企业研发费用数据库2010—2019年数据首次测算了中美制造业总研发强度和分产业研发强度及两国差距,通过结构分解分析方法分析中美差距的来源与成因。测算结果表明,中美制造业总研发强度存在较大差距且在2010—2019年间无明显改变,分产业研发强度及变化特征中美迥异;分解结果显示,总研发强度中美差距主要归因于中研发强度产业研发强度差距较大且高研发强度产业差距不断扩大;两国分产业研发强度典型特征迥异主要源于两国发展阶段存在“代差”和制度政策差异,应对中美竞争应充分发挥市场与政府作用,保持低研发强度产业研发投入适度增长、中研发强度产业快速增长和高研发强度产业重点领域超常规增长,缩小两国差距并逐步赢得中美竞争主动权。R&D intensity is the main index of cross-country comparison of innovation input,and also an important target of innovation incentive policies.It is of great significance to compare R&D intensity of manufacturing industry between China and the United States in the context of competition.Based on the data of OECD Commercial Enterprise R&D Expenditure database from 2010 to 2019,the total R&D intensity and sub-industry R&D intensity of China and the United States as well as the gap between the two countries were calculated for the first time,and the sources and causes of the gap between China and the United States were analyzed by structural decomposition analysis.The calculation results show that there is a big gap in the total R&D intensity of the manufacturing industry between China and the United States,which has not changed significantly from 2010 to 2019.The R&D intensity and change characteristics of different industries are different between China and the United States.The decomposition results show that the gap of total R&D intensity between China and the United States is mainly attributed to the large gap of R&D intensity between the industries with R&D intensity and the widening gap between the industries with high R&D intensity.Typical characteristics of the R&D intensity between the two countries industry research and development strength mainly comes from the"gap"and institutional policy differences between the two countries'development stages.To cope with the competition between China and the United States,we should give full play to the role of the market and the government,maintain the moderate growth of R&D investment in low R&D intensity industries,rapid growth in medium R&D intensity industries and extraordinary growth in key areas of high R&D intensity industries,narrow the gap between the two countries and gradually win the initiative of competition between China and the United States.

关 键 词：研发强度 制造业 中美比较 结构分解分析 

分 类 号：F426[经济管理—产业经济]