青贮方式对西藏地区全株玉米青贮品质及微生物多样性的影响  

Effect of silage method on silage quality and microbial diversity of whole plant maize in Tibet

作　　者：陈鑫艳 商振达 易政宏 吕志 杨升 刘锁珠 谭占坤 CHEN Xin-yan;SHANG Zhen-da;YI Zheng-hong;LU Zhi;YANG Sheng;LIU Suo-zhu;TAN Zhan-kun

机构地区：[1]西藏农牧学院动物科学学院、西藏高原饲料加工工程研究中心、西藏高原生态草牧业协同创新中心,西藏林芝860000

出　　处：《饲料研究》2023年第5期108-112,共5页Feed Research

基　　金：西藏自治区区域科技协同创新专项(项目编号:QY XTZX-NQ2021-01);2022中央支持地方高校改革发展专项资金项目(项目编号:KY2022ZY-01);西藏自治区科技成果转移转化项目(项目编号:XZ202101YD0019C)。

摘　　要：试验旨在研究不同的青贮方法对西藏地区全株玉米青贮品质和微生物多样性的影响。以西藏林芝市种植的全株玉米为原料,设常规青贮全株玉米组(A组)和半干青贮全株玉米组(B组),青贮60 d,开窖取样,测定pH值和氨态氮含量,并采用高通量测序技术对全株玉米青贮饲料的细菌菌群结构进行测定。结果表明,全株玉米常规青贮的pH值和氨态氮含量显著低于半干青贮(P<0.05),常规青贮的pH值小于4.2,氨态氮含量低于100 g/kg,而常规青贮的干物质、粗蛋白和粗灰分的含量显著高于半干青贮饲料(P<0.05)。常规青贮组中厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门、乳杆菌科、毛螺旋菌科、明串珠菌科、乳杆菌属、毛螺旋菌属和明串珠菌属等细菌均显著高于半干青贮(P<0.05)。研究表明,全株玉米常规青贮的发酵品质优于半干青贮,且全株玉米常规青贮中可产乳酸的菌群相对丰度高于半干青贮。The experiment was to investigate the effect of different silage methods on the silage quality and microbial diversity of whole maize in Tibetan areas.Two different whole maize silage groups were set up,one for conventional silage(group A)and one for semi-dry silage(group B),using whole maize grown in Linzhi,Tibet.The bacterial community structure of the whole maize silage was determined using high throughput sequencing.The results showed that the pH value and ammoniacal nitrogen content of whole maize conventional silage were significantly lower than those of semi-dry silage(P<0.05),with conventional silage having a pH less than 4.2 and ammoniacal nitrogen content less than 100 g/kg,while the dry matter,crude protein and crude ash contents of conventional silage were significantly higher than those of semi-dry silage(P<0.05).Firmicutes mesoideae,Bacteroideae,Lactobacillaceae,Trichospirochetidae,Contraindicaceae in conventional silage were significantly higher than those in semi-dry silage(P<0.05).The experiment indicates that the fermentation quality of whole corn silage is better than that of semi-dry silage,and the relative abundance of lactic acid producing bacteria in whole corn silage is higher than that in semi-dry silage.

关 键 词：常规青贮 半干青贮 全株玉米 发酵品质 细菌组成 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]