广东省2016—2021年出生缺陷医院监测结果分析  

Analysis of birth defects surveillance from 2016 to 2021 in Guangdong province

作　　者：方俊[1] 徐昊立 吴云涛[1] 罗灿[1] 朱颖贤 FANG Jun;XU Haoli;WU Yuntao;LUO Can;ZHU Yingxian(Guangdong Women and Children Hospital,Guangzhou,Guangdong 511442,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省妇幼保健院,广东广州511442

出　　处：《中国优生与遗传杂志》2023年第3期433-438,共6页Chinese Journal of Birth Health & Heredity

摘　　要：目的了解广东省2016—2021年出生缺陷变化趋势及相关因素,为制定和评估出生缺陷防控项目效果提供参考依据。方法以2016—2021年间在广东省助产机构内分娩的围生儿、围生期缺陷儿(孕28周至出生后7天)及产妇为研究对象,描述性分析广东省出生缺陷的分布及相关因素。结果2016—2021年广东省出生缺陷监测累计监测围生儿9742813例,上报了162366例围生期缺陷儿。平均出生缺陷发生率为166.65/万,期间总出生缺陷发生率整体呈上升的趋势(Z=51.79,P<0.01);城镇地区出生缺陷发生率高于农村(χ^(2)=22563.40,P<0.01),高龄产母生缺陷发生率高于低龄产母(χ^(2)=2630.80,P<0.01),男性围生儿出生缺陷的发生率高于女性围生儿(Z=59.59,P<0.01),其组间的差异有统计学意义。广东省主要出生缺陷类型为先天性心脏病,其次为多指(趾);葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶缺乏症、马蹄内翻足、外耳畸形、尿道下裂,但顺位在不同年份有所不同。2016—2021年广东省监测围生期缺陷儿中活产儿占90.99%,死胎死产占8.41%,7天内死亡占0.62%。49.90%的缺陷儿确诊过程中使用了超声诊断,其次为临床诊断,占比为46.06%。基因或染色体诊断的比例呈逐年上升趋势,到2021年占比为5.39%。围生儿及出生缺陷患儿产母的年龄均呈上升趋势,其中围生儿产母的年龄均数由27.82岁上升至29.13岁,增加1.31岁;缺陷儿产母的年龄均数由28.49岁上升至29.65岁,增加1.16岁;结论广东省出生缺陷监测发生率较高,孕产妇生育年龄普遍增长,需要加强三级防控措施,加强出生缺陷预防,提高人口素质。Objective Though analyze the prevalence trends and associated factors of birth defects in Guangdong province,provide scientific evidences for setting preventive strategies.Methods Retrospective description and trending analysis were conducted on the birth defects surveillance records of mothers and infants(28 weeks gestation to 7 days after childbirth)between 2016 and 2021 from monitoring network hospitals in Guangdong province.Results From 2016 to 2021,a total of 9742813 perinatal infants were monitored by birth defects surveillance in Guangdong province,and 162366 cases of perinatal defects were reported.The average incidence rate of birth defects was 166.65/10000,and the overall incidence rate of birth defects showed an upward trend(Z=51.79,P<0.01).The rate of birth defects in urban areas was higher than that in rural areas(χ^(2)=22563.40,P<0.010).The incidence of birth defects in elderly mothers was higher than that in young mothers(χ^(2)=2630.80,P<0.01),and in male infants was higher than that in female infants(Z=59.59,P<0.01),the difference between those groups was statistically significant.The main type of birth defects in Guangdong province were congenital heart disease,followed by polydactyly,Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency(G6PD),talipes equinovarus,deformity of external ear,hypospadias,with the order varied in different years.Among the infants with perinatal defects monitored in Guangdong province from 2016 to 2021,90.99% were live births,8.41% were stillbirths,and 0.62% died within 7 days.Ultrasound diagnosis was used in 49.90% of the cases,followed by clinical diagnosis,accounting for 46.06%.The proportion of gene or chromosome diagnosis showed an increasing trend year by year,accounting for 5.39% in 2021.The mean maternal age of perinatal infants and children with birth defects increased from 27.82 years old to 29.13 years,with an increase of 1.31 years.The mean age of mothers with defects increased from 28.49 to 29.65 years,an increase of 1.16 years.Conclusion The incidence of birth d

关 键 词：出生缺陷 疾病监测 产母年龄 广东 

分 类 号：R174[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]