多孔电极的制备及其在煤岩显微组分电浮选分离中的应用  

Preparation of porous electrode and its application in electroflotation separation of coal macerals

作　　者：张洲朋 赵伟[1,3] 周安宁 屈进州[1,3] 李振 ZHANG Zhoupeng;ZHAO Wei;ZHOU Anning;QU Jinzhou;LI Zhen(College of Chemistry&Chemical Engineering,Xi'an University of Science and Technology,Xi'an,Shaanxi 710054,China;Fine Coal Co.Ltd.,Binxian Coal Ltd.,Xianyang,Shaanxi 713500,China;Ministry of Land and Resources,Key Laboratory of Coal Resources Exploration and Comprehensive Utilization,Xi'an,Shaanxi 710021,China)

机构地区：[1]西安科技大学化学与化工学院,陕西西安710054 [2]彬县煤炭有限责任公司彬县华彬精煤有限责任公司,陕西咸阳713500 [3]自然资源部煤炭资源勘查与综合利用重点实验室,陕西西安710021

出　　处：《中国矿业大学学报》2023年第1期188-198,共11页Journal of China University of Mining & Technology

基　　金：陕西省煤炭联合基金项目(2019JLP-10);陕西省教育厅科研计划项目(18JK0522)。

摘　　要：为了提升煤岩显微组分的电浮选分离效果,采用氢气泡模板法在镍和铜电极表面进行了微孔构筑.采用扫描电子显微镜、接触角测量和气泡在线分析系统研究了电极表面孔结构和润湿性对电解氢气泡尺寸、浓度及上浮速度等的影响;在H型电浮选柱反应器中,以神府高惰质组烟煤为对象,考察了电解气泡特征对煤显微组分电浮选分离效果的影响规律.结果表明:经电沉积处理后,电极材料表面可形成孔径在3~70μm之间的间隙结构,且亲水性显著增强,电解时的氢气泡尺寸更小、浓度更高、上升速率更快.调控电沉积反应时间,可实现电解氢气泡尺寸在8~88μm、气泡浓度在13.75~44.85 cm^(3)/cm^(3)之间的调变,进而可控制神府煤岩显微组分的电浮选分离效果;当沉积时间为60 s时,煤岩显微组分电浮选分离的上浮物回收率为64.8%,浮物中镜质组富集率可达95.5%,下沉物回收率为35.2%,沉物中惰质组富集率达到92.9%.电浮选煤浆体系制氢效率更高,与纯水电解制氢相比,煤浆电浮选体系的制氢能耗可降低20.59%,氢气收率增加12.88%.In order to improve the electroflotation separation of coal macerals,a hydrogen bubble template method was used to construct the micropores on the surfaces of nickel and copper electrodes.The impact of pore structure and wettability of electrode surfaces on the size,concentration and rising speed of electrolytic hydrogen bubbles were studied with the scanning electron microscope,contact angle measurement and bubble online analysis system.A typical inertinite-rich bituminous coal from Shenfu district in China was focused,and a H-type electroflotation column reactor was adopted to investigate the influence of bubble characteristics on coal macerals recovery.The results show that with the electrodeposition treatment,a gap structure with pore diameters ranging from 3 to 70μm is formed on the electrode surfaces and its surface hydrophilicity is increased.The hydrogen bubbles would be smaller size,higher concentration and rising speed when the treated electrode is used to be the cathode of water electrolysis.The bubble size and concentration of electrolytic hydrogen can be controlled in 8—88μm and 13.75—44.85 cm^(3)/cm^(3) respectively by adjusting the electrodeposition reaction time,which could control the effect of electroflotation separation of coal macerals.When the electrodeposition time is 60 s,the froth recovery is 64.8% and the enrichment rate of the vitrinite in the froth is 95.5%,while the tailings recovery is 35.2% and the enrichment rate of the inertinite in the tailings is 92.9%.Compared with hydrogen generation by water electrolysis,the coal slurry electroflotation system has a higher hydrogen production efficiency,the energy consumption of hydrogen production could be reduced by 20.59% and the hydrogen yield is increased by 12.88%.

关 键 词：电极表面结构 润湿性 电浮选 气泡特征 神府煤显微组分 

分 类 号：TD94[矿业工程—选矿]