预防刑法立法背景下刑罚限缩论  

On the Restriction of Penalty in the Context of Preventive Criminal Law Legislation

作　　者：余秋莉 Yu Qiuli

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学

出　　处：《青少年犯罪问题》2023年第1期77-90,共14页Issues on Juvenile Crimes and Delinquency

摘　　要：长期以来的有罪必罚观念和犯罪化刑事政策,体现着较强的刑法工具主义色彩,虽有利于社会防卫却有失于人权保障。一方面,预防刑法立法确有预防犯罪之效;另一方面,对于不需要追究刑事责任或者无适用刑罚必要性的犯罪人判处刑罚并不能发挥刑罚的特殊预防作用,与刑罚个别化和精准说法的要求尚有距离。有效的犯罪治理不能仅靠立法扩张犯罪圈的做法来“堵”,同时也要注意从刑罚限缩上对犯罪造成的社会问题进行“疏”。鉴于当前刑事立法无法满足刑罚限缩的实践需求,因此有必要从实体法上建立和完善认罪认罚从宽制度、企业刑事合规制度以及刑罚替代措施,从程序法上扩大检察官的起诉裁量权、引入暂缓判决制度等,以此应对预防刑法立法带来的犯罪圈扩张问题。The long-standing concept that guilt must be punished and the criminal policy of criminalization reflect strong instrumentalism of criminal law. Although it is beneficial to social defense, it is not good for human rights protection. On the one hand, the legislation of preventive criminal law indeed serves to prevent crimes. On the other hand, it cannot play the preventive role of penalty in the cases that offenders who do not need to be held criminally responsible or have no need to apply the penalty are imposed penalties. That is against the requirements that penalty should be personalized and precise. Effective crime governance cannot be accomplished by merely expanding the penalty scope through legislation to “block” crime;instead, attention should also be paid to “drain” the social problems caused by crime from the reduction of penalties. In view of the fact that the current criminal legislation cannot meet the practical needs of penalty restriction, the following recommendations should be taken into consideration.On the one hand, it is necessary to establish and improve the system of leniency for confessions and punishments, criminal compliance and non-penalization measures in the criminal law.On the other hand, it is necessary to enhance the discretion of prosecutors and establish the suspension of judgment system in the procedural law.

关 键 词：预防刑法立法 刑罚限缩 刑罚替代措施 刑事合规 附条件不起诉 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学] D925.2[政治法律—法学]