吉林省舒兰市青松林区三种鼬科动物生态位的差异  

Niche Differentiation among of Three Species of Mustelidae in Qingsong Forest Area of Shulan City,Jilin Province

作　　者：苗润泽 刘庚[2] 毕靖吉 张宏静 陈旭升 朱洪强[5] MIAO Run-Ze;LIU Geng;BI Jing-Ji;ZhANG Hong-Jing;CHEN Xu-Sheng;ZHU Hong-Qiang(Graduate College of Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118;Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Changbai Mountain Animal Resources and Biodiversity,Jilin Academy of Forestry Science,Changchun 130033;Forestry Bureau of Shulan City,Jilin Province,Shulan 132600;Chongqing Three Groges Medical College,Chongqing 404120;College of Animal Science and Technology,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学研究生学院,长春130118 [2]吉林省林业科学研究院,长白山动物资源与生物多样性吉林省重点实验室,长春130033 [3]吉林省舒兰市林业局,舒兰132600 [4]重庆三峡医药高等专科学校,重庆404120 [5]吉林农业大学动物科学技术学院,长春130118

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2023年第1期30-42,共13页Chinese Journal of Zoology

基　　金：珍惜濒危物种调查监管与行业规范——原麝种群监测及栖息地评估研究。

摘　　要：研究物种间生态位的差异以及其如何实现共存的机制在生态学研究和制定物种科学保护决策方面具有重要意义。作为中小型食肉动物的紫貂(Martes zibellina)、黄喉貂(M.flavigula)和黄鼬(Mustela sibirica),在东北地区常同域分布。为探明三者共存机制,本研究于2019年11月至2021年11月,在吉林省舒兰市青松林区布设41台红外相机,对这三种动物开展活动节律和空间分布的监测,并设置10条样线对三者的分布进行辅助调查。研究期内,红外相机共监测29971个相机日,共获得紫貂99次独立有效记录,黄喉貂81次独立有效记录,黄鼬163次独立有效记录;样线调查共收集到7个紫貂活动位点,17个黄喉貂活动位点,29个黄鼬活动位点。结果显示,紫貂偏向于夜行性,夜间活动指数DRAI为70.7%。紫貂与黄鼬的日活动节律相似,二者的日活动节律重叠指数Δ为0.864,而与黄喉貂的活动时间错开,二者的日活动节律重叠指数Δ为0.330。紫貂主要栖息于靠近水源的高海拔地区的针叶林下,与黄喉貂的栖息地有部分重叠,二者的地理分布重叠度Schoener’s D(D)和Hellinger’s-based I(I)值分别为0.531和0.809,而紫貂与黄鼬相互回避,二者的地理分布重叠度Schoener’s D(D)和Hellinger’sbased I(I)值分别为0.307和0.590。黄喉貂偏向白天活动,昼间活动指数DRAI为90.1%,与黄鼬的日活动节律重叠最低,二者的日活动节律重叠指数Δ为0.282。黄喉貂在中高海拔的针叶林下分布较为广泛,与黄鼬在靠近人为干扰的区域存在较少的栖息地重叠,二者的地理分布重叠度Schoener’s D(D)和Hellinger’s-based I(I)值分别为0.456和0.752。黄鼬表现为夜行性,夜间活动指数DRAI为72.4%,主要分布在靠近居民区和耕地且坡度平缓的区域,偏向于落叶阔叶林中栖息,回避常绿针叶林。研究表明,紫貂、黄喉貂和黄鼬通过选择不同的日活动节律及不同的栖息地产生了时空生态位�[Objectives]It is of great significance to study the differences of niches among species and the mechanism of how to achieve coexistence in ecological research and the formulation of scientific conservation decisions.Sable(Martes zibellina),Yellow-throated Marten(M.flavigula)and Siberian Weasel(Mustela sibirica)are three small and medium-sized weasel species in the same area of the Qingsong forest.The purpose of this study is to better protect the three species of animals by ascertaining their spatio-temporal niche differences.[Methods]From November 2019 to November 2021,41 infrared cameras were deployed to monitor the activity rhythm and spatial distribution of three species of animals in Qingsong forest area of Shulan City,Jilin Province,and 10 transects were set to assist the investigation of their distribution.Fig.1 shows the geographic location and elevation range of the study area.Fig.2a shows the locations of the infrared camera in the study area,and Fig.2b shows the locations of the line transect and the sites of the three animals obtained from the line transect survey.Based on the data obtained from the survey,we calculated the circadian and daily activity rhythms of the three species,and predicted the habitats of the three species.The MaxEnt was used to model the habitats of the three species.We randomly set 25%of active sites as test data,75%of active sites for model construction,check Linear features and Hinge features for feature crosses,set the regularization multiplier to 2.6,repeat the cross validate procedures for 10 times,and finally select the average of 10 runs as the modeling result of MaxEnt.The geographical distribution overlap of these three species was calculated by using ENMTools 1.3.The kernel density method was used to model the daily activity rhythm.The above analysis was performed in MaxEnt 3.4.1,ENMTools 1.3 and R 3.6.3.[Results]There were a total of 29971 camera working days captured 99 independent valid records of Sable,81 independent valid records of Yellow-throated Marten,and 16

关 键 词：生态位分化 日活动节律 栖息地 最大熵模型 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]