丹顶鹤弃卵和正常卵卵壳超微结构及化学元素含量的比较分析  

Comparison of Ultrastructure and Element Content between Abandoned and Normal Eggshells of Grus japonensis

作　　者：杨志宏[1] 刘志超 高忠燕 张显光 冯文 曹业萍 YANG Zhi-Hong;LIU Zhi-Chao;GAO Zhong-Yan;ZHANG Xian-Guang;FENG Wen;Cao Ye-Ping(College of Life Science,Agriculture and Forestry,Qiqihaer University,Qiqihaer 161006;Zhalong National Nature Reserve,Qiqihaer 161003,China)

机构地区：[1]齐齐哈尔大学生命科学与农林学院,齐齐哈尔161006 [2]黑龙江扎龙国家级自然保护区,齐齐哈尔161003

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2023年第1期77-83,共7页Chinese Journal of Zoology

基　　金：黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(No.C2016059);齐齐哈尔市科技局项目(No.RKX-201605)。

摘　　要：为研究繁殖丹顶鹤(Grus japonensis)弃卵原因,对其弃卵与正常卵壳超微结构及化学元素含量进行比较。以2014至2020年在扎龙保护区收集到丹顶鹤弃卵和正常孵化的卵各6枚为研究对象,利用电子扫描电镜观察比较其超微结构,采用电感偶合等离子体光谱仪测量其化学元素含量,并对其卵壳厚度和密度进行测量和比较。弃卵壳厚度、密度分别为正常卵壳厚度、密度的68.0%(P<0.01)和71.5%(P<0.01);弃卵卵壳表面晶体层厚度不均,与栅栏层之间界限不明显,外表皮层有龟裂和条形两种裂纹,栅栏锥体层晶体中有微小球状中空结构和类似溶洞的腔室结构,壳膜层纤维表面的片状突起较少,这些结构均与正常卵壳不同。检测卵壳23种化学元素中,弃卵卵壳Ca、Na、P、Mg和K元素含量显著低于正常孵卵卵壳(P<0.05)。从卵壳结构和元素分析,卵壳元素含量异常、结构和功能缺陷有可能是导致其亲鸟弃卵的原因之一,这与亲鸟占据生境资源情况、与其他鸟类间繁殖压力、食物可获得性和生存对策等交互作用的影响有关。[Objectives]Abandoning eggs after nesting was a rare biological phenomenon for breeding Red-crowned Cranes(Grus japonensis),but it does occur occasionally.So far,it was unknown whether the parents of Red-crowned Cranes abandon eggs due to internal or external disturbances.Egg was the reproductive unit and the starting point of growth and development of birds.The important role of eggshells should be to bear the weight of hatching parents,to exchange gas with the outside world,to prevent excessive loss of water in eggs,to protect embryonic development,and to form organs and tissues such as bones.By comparing the differences of ultrastructure and element content between abandoned and normal eggshells,we explored the reasons why G.japonensis abandon eggs,and hoped to provide a reference for the protection of Red-crowned Crane and the formulation of corresponding protection strategies.[Methods]From 2014 to 2020,6 abandoned eggs and 6 normal hatching eggs of breeding G.japonensis were collected in Zhalong National Nature Reserve,Heilongjiang Province.We studied the eggshells ultrastructure,element content,the thickness and density.The ultrastructural differences were compared by scanning electron microscopy(Hitachi X-650,Japan),the element content was measured by inductively couple plasma spectrometry(Agilent 7500,USA),the thickness was measured by electronic micrometer(Mitutoyo 422-230/0﹣25 mm,Japan,±0.003 mm),the mass of eggshell samples was weighed by electronic balance(Sartorius BSA124S,Germany,±0.1 g),and the density was measured by drainage method.The data were analyzed using SPSS(16.0 version).The thickness,density and element content of eggshells between abandoned and normal eggs were compared by t-test(Independent-samples).The thickness of surface layer of crystal,palisade layer,cone layer and shell membrane in the ultrastructure of the eggshell were compared between two groups respectively.All results were expressed as Mean±SD,and P<0.05 was taken to be statistically significant.[Results]The thickness a

关 键 词：丹顶鹤 卵壳 超微结构 元素含量 

分 类 号：Q954[生物学—动物学]