微地震及其监测综述——走向基于低信噪比的微破裂向量扫描  

Microseismic and its monitoring:toward vector scanning of microseismic based on lower signal-to-noise ratio

作　　者：梁北援 常力 房大志[3] 甘宇 张军 王建立 冯彦军 王文光 郭炳平 杜明 王会卿 扬英才 LIANG BeiYuan;CHANG Li;FANG DaZhi;GAN Yu;ZHANG Jun;WANG JianLi;FENG YanJun;WANG WenGuang;GUO BingPing;DU Ming;WANG HuiQing;YANG YingCai(GeoImage LLC,CA 94118,USA;Brilliant Energy Technology Development(Shanghai),Shanghai 201306,China;Sinopec Shale Gas of Chongqing,Chongqing 408400,China;Dayu Petroleum Technology,Qianjiang 433124,China;156th Exploration of Xinjiang Coal Geological Bureau,rümqi 830009,China;Co-Sail Petroleum Technology,Co.,Beijing 100085,China;China Coal Technology and Engineering Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100013,China;GeoImage LLC(Beijing),Beijing 100166,China)

机构地区：[1]GeoImage LLC,CA 94118,USA [2]博瑞利恩能源科技发展(上海)有限公司,上海201306 [3]中国石化重庆页岩气有限公司,重庆408400 [4]江汉油田大宇石油技术开发潜江有限公司,潜江433124 [5]新疆煤田地质局一五六煤田地质勘探队,乌鲁木齐830009 [6]北京科胜伟达石油科技股份有限公司,北京100085 [7]中煤科工开采研究院有限公司,北京100013 [8]北京京援伟达技术有限公司,北京100166

出　　处：《地球物理学进展》2023年第1期47-75,共29页Progress in Geophysics

摘　　要：微地震是岩石的微小破裂.微地震的另一个重要特性是剪切破裂或具有很强的剪切破裂成分.通常人们感兴趣的是监测与生产生活密切相关的微震活动,为环保、安全、提高生产效率、以及一般地学科研提供参数和建议.观测微震信号,以及对其实施的数理、地质、工程等的分析研究,构成整个微震监测系统.对此系统的每一步骤,从观测仪器研制、微震台网布设、微震记录的整理和去噪、微震或其释放能量分布的定位,到分析微震时空活动规律,以及这些规律与监测目标之间关联的解释,都必须从上述微震的两个特性出发.微震监测照搬常用勘探地震学和一般小震以上的天然地震学软硬件是不恰当的.微震监测方法的研发必须严格服从地震学基本原理并进行大量实验.本文对微震及其监测进行了一般综述,说明了由于微震的两个重要特性及其监测的艰难程度,也由于微震监测成为伴随生产生活的性价比较高的常规手段的需求,而不得不研发基于微小信噪比数据记录、实施地面监测的微破裂向量扫描技术,较详细地描述了其原理、微震仪器、台网布设原则、去噪、分析解释原则、和应用中所得到的重要分析结论,以及目前存在的技术问题和展望.A microseismic is tiny rapture in rock.The another property of the microseismic and its monitoring is shear fracture which radiates transverse or secondary waves.We are interested in studying the microseismics associated with environment protection,security,improving production efficiency,and geo-sciences.A system of the microseismic detection is composed of observation equipment,seism ic network,rearranging m icroseism ic signals,denoising data,studying the microseismic activities in space-time,and interpreting the relationships between microseismic and geological structure and/or engineering procedures,etc.Each step of the system must be based on the above two characteristics.The microseismic detection is,therefore,different from both the man-made explosions,and natural seismology for small and greater earthquakes.The study of microseismic and its monitoring must strictly obey the principles of seismology,and go through a large number of experiences.Because of the high cost-effective requirement of microseismic detection as a conventional technique,except for summarizing general features of microseismic and its detection,in this paper,we focus on our vector scanning for microseismic observed on surface,including its principle,instruments,seismic network,denoise,interpretation,and some important applications,etc.Also,the current open problems and future expectation are discussed.

关 键 词：微地震 监测 非常规 向量扫描 

分 类 号：P315[天文地球—地震学]