2021年5月22日玛多M_(W)7.4级地震后气象异常的物理机制  

Physical mechanism of meteorological anomalies after the Maduo M_(W) 7.4earthquake

作　　者：许健生[1] 吴琼[1] 李丽[1] 张磊 XU JianSheng;WU Qiong;LI Li;ZHANG Lei(Institute of Geophysics,China Earthquake Administration,Beijing 100081,China;Earthquake Administration of Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地震局地球物理研究所,北京100081 [2]甘肃省地震局,兰州730000

出　　处：《地球物理学进展》2023年第1期101-109,共9页Progress in Geophysics

基　　金：国家重大科学仪器设备开发专项(2016YFF0103400);中国地震局2022年老科技工作者科研专项联合资助。

摘　　要：2021年5月22日青海玛多M_(W)7.4地震后数小时,在震中周边地区出现了气压快速上升、气温快速下降和甘肃景泰山区突降雨雪的气象异常.对青海德令哈等地震台的形变仪、水位仪、地震仪、气压计和温度计的记录作分析后发现:在此期间,在景泰附近地区3种不同学科的观测仪器分别记录到了同震止滑震相XsQ、无震余滑震相Xa和震颤震相Tp.该结果表明,在震中周边地块,震时发生了同震粘滑,在震后发生了余滑,在发生同震粘滑和震后余滑前后还伴有震颤现象.根据粘滑和震颤的物理机制推测,这种气象异常可能是震时和震后,各台所处地块发生同震粘滑和震后余滑错动后,地下裂隙张开,气体溢出.导致气压上升、气温下降的结果.破坏性地震后的气象异常是值得关注的一种次生灾害.A few hours after the 2021-05-22 Maduo M_(W)7.4 earthquake,there was a rapid increase in air pressure,decrease in temperature and a sudden fall rain and snow in the Jingtai Mountain area of Gansu Province around the epicenter of the earthquake.It is the meteorological anomaly.After analyzing the records of the deformation meters,water level meters,seismometers,barometers and thermometers at Delingha seismic station and other seismic stations in Qinghai Province and Gansu Province,co-seismic stopping-slip phase XsQ,post-seismic slip phase Xa and tremor phase Tp during this period have been recorded by three kinds of observation instruments near Jingtai Mountain area.The results show that there is co-seismic stopping-slip process in the periphery block of the epicenter when occurring main-shock,and there is post-seismic slip process after main-shock.Co-seismic stopping-slip process and post-seismic slip process are accompanied by tremor phenomena.According to the physical mechanism of sticking-slip and tremor,this kind of meteorological anomaly may be caused by co-seismic stopping-slip and post-seismic slip of the blocks where the seismic stations are located,and by the opening of underground fissures and the escape of gas.It is the result of an increase air pressure and a decrease air temperature.The meteorological anomaly after destructive earthquake is a secondary disaster worthy of attention.

关 键 词：震颤 同震止滑 震后余滑 气象异常 玛多M_(W)7.4级地震 

分 类 号：P315[天文地球—地震学]