穗位高系数对玉米产量及产量构成的影响  

Effects of ear-to-plant height ratio on yield and yield composition of maize

作　　者：顾明琪 刘晓丽 吕悬龙 黄收兵[1] 王璞[1] 廖树华[1] GU Mingqi;LIU Xiaoli;LV Xuanlong;HUANG Shoubing;WANG Pu;LIAO Shuhua(College of Agronomy&Biotechnology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学农学院,北京100193

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2023年第3期1-10,共10页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：中国农业大学2115人才工程项目;国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-02-13)。

摘　　要：为探究穗位高系数对玉米产量及产量构成的影响,采用125份玉米材料开展大田试验,测定株高、穗位高、穗位高系数、单穗粒数、千粒重及产量等性状指标。同时对1985—2019年可查文献中已发表的相关数据进行Meta分析。结果表明:1)株高和穗位高对单穗粒数、千粒重、产量均有极显著影响(P<0.01);穗位高系数对单穗粒数和千粒重影响显著(P<0.05)。2)玉米株高分布在175.10~295.00 cm,穗位高在53.50—127.67 cm,穗位高系数在0.29~0.49,随着株高、穗位高、穗位高系数的增加,单穗粒数呈先上升后下降的趋势,当株高为267.76 cm,穗位高为99.46 cm,穗位高系数为0.40时,单穗粒数达到最大值;千粒重随着株高、穗位高、穗位高系数的增加先呈直线上升趋势,之后不再增加,千粒重达到最大值时,株高为292.25 cm,穗位高为80.95 cm,穗位高系数为0.50;产量随株高、穗位高的增加而增加,随着穗位高系数的增加呈现先上升后下降的趋势,当穗位高系数为0.42时,产量达到最大值。3)对文献和本试验的数据分别进行决策树分析,结果均表明,株高较穗位高系数对单穗粒数具有更大的影响。鉴于穗位高系数对玉米抗倒伏能力和单穗粒数的重要影响,穗位高系数是玉米产量提升的关键指标。综上,当穗位高系数为0.40~0.42时,玉米具有较高的产量。In order to explore the effect of ear-to-plant height ratio on maize yield and yield composition,taking 125 maize materials as study object,field experiments were conducted to investigate effects of plant height,ear height,ear-to-plant height ratio on the kernel number,thousand kernel weight,and yield of maize.At the same time,the meta-analysis was adopted to analyze the data in related literature published from 1985 to 2019.The results showed that:1)Plant height and ear height had significant effects on kernel number,thousand kernel weight and yield(P<0.01).The ear-to-plant height ratio had significant effect on kernel number and thousand kernel weight(P<0.05).2)In this study,plant height ranged from 175.10 to 295.00 cm,ear height ranged from 53.50 to 127.67 cm,and ear-to-plant height ratio ranged from 0.29 to 0.49.With the increase of plant height,ear height and ear-to-plant height ratio,the kernel number first increased and then decreased.When plant height was 267.76 cm,ear height was 99.46 cm and ear-to-plant height ratio was 0.40 cm,the kernel number reached the maximum.The thousand kernel weight first increased linearly with the increase of plant height,ear height and ear-to-plant height ratio,and then remained at a stable level.When the thousand kernel weight reached the maximum,the plant height was 292.25 cm,the ear height was 80.95 cm,and the ear-to-plant height ratio was 0.50.The yield increased with the increase of plant height and ear height.With the increase of ear-to-plant height ratio,the yield first increased and then decreased.When the ear-to-plant height ratio was 0.42,the yield reached the maximum.3)The regression tree analysis of literature and field experiment data showed that plant height had a greater influence on kernel number than ear-to-plant height ratio.In view of the important influence of ear-to-plant height ratio on lodging resistance and kernel number of maize,the ear-to-plant height ratio is the key index of maize yield improvement.In conclusion,the stronger lodging resistance and

关 键 词：玉米 株高 穗位高 单穗粒数 穗位高系数 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]