槟榔黄化病植株组织结构观察及生理指标分析  

Histological Observation and Physiological Index Analysis of Areca Palms Infected by Yellow Leaf Disease

作　　者：孟秀利 林兆威 杨德洁 宋薇薇[1] 唐庆华[1] 张飞 牛晓庆[1] Meng Xiuli;Lin Zhaowei;Yang Dejie;Song Weiwei;Tang Qinghua;Zhang Fei;Niu Xiaoqing(The Innovation Platform for Academicians of Hainan Province,Coconut Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Scicnces,Wenchang,571339;Institute of Tropical Crops,Yunnan Agricultural University,Puer,665099)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院椰子研究所,海南省院士创新平台,文昌571339 [2]云南农业大学热带作物学院,普洱665099

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2023年第7期2350-2355,共6页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：中国热带农业科学院基本科研业务费专项(No.1630152021006);海南省自然科学基金项目(No.321QN346);海南省院士创新平台资金项目共同资助。

摘　　要：为了探究槟榔黄化病的致病机理,本研究首先通过PCR技术和电镜技术检测槟榔黄化植原体,确定感染黄化病的槟榔植株和健康植株。然后通过透射电镜技术对染病槟榔和健康槟榔的叶绿体超微结构进行观察,结果发现:槟榔感染黄化病后,叶绿体解体,细胞质内叶绿体基质片层结构松散,并出现大量嗜锇颗粒;健康槟榔的叶绿体紧贴细胞壁,叶绿体结构紧实,嗜锇颗粒数量较少、体积较小。对槟榔维管束结构进行苯胺蓝染色并利用荧光显微镜观察,可以发现槟榔感染黄化病后维管束部分组织被褐色物质堵塞,而健康槟榔维管束组织未发现该现象。此外,槟榔感染黄化病后叶绿素水平显著降低。本研究为揭示槟榔黄化病致病机理提供了理论依据。In recent years,yellow leaf disease(YLD)of areca palm caused by phytoplasmas occurred seriously in Hainan Province of China,which posed a great threat to the yield of areca nuts.However,there is less report about disease pathogenesis.In order to explore the pathogenesis of YLD,YLD phytoplasmas were detected by PCR and electron microscope to screen infected areca palms and healthy ones.Chloroplast ultrastructure of infected areca palms and healthy ones were observed by transmission electron microscopy.The results showed that the chloroplasts of infected areca palms disintegrated;in cytoplasm,stroma lamellas of chloroplasts arranged loosely and a large number of osmiophilic granules were found in the disintegrated chloroplasts.In contrast,the chloroplasts of healthy areca palms had compact structure and clung to the cytoderm.The osmiophilic granules in chloroplasts of healthy areca palms were less and smaller than that in infected areca palms.The vascular bundles were dyed by aniline blue and observed under fluorescence microscope.The results showed that some vascular bundles of infected areca palms were blocked by brown materials while no blocking phenomenon was found in healthy areca palms.Besides,the chlorophyll contents were significantly decreased in YLD infected areca palms.This paper provides theoretical basis for exploring YLD pathogenesis.

关 键 词：植原体 叶绿体超微结构 维管束 叶绿素 

分 类 号：S763.7[农业科学—森林保护学]