超高速正撞击下弹丸形状效应对碎片云分布特征的影响规律  

Influence of Projectile Shape Effect on Debris Cloud Distribution Characteristics Under Normal Hypervelocity Impact

作　　者：彭芸[1] 邓勇军[1] 刘筱玲[1] 姚勇[1] 黄洁[2] PENG Yun;DENG Yong-jun;LIU Xiao-ling;YAO Yong;HUANG Jie(School of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang 621010,China;Hypervelocity Impact Research Center,China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center,Mianyang 621010,China)

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学土木工程与建筑学院,绵阳621010 [2]中国空气动力研究与发展中心超高速碰撞中心,绵阳621010

出　　处：《空间碎片研究》2022年第4期35-48,共14页Space Debris Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(12002293);中国空气动力研究与发展中心超高速碰撞中心开放基金(20zd3147)。

摘　　要：真实空间碎片往往不是单一的形状,存在如球形、圆柱体或长方体等多种形状,不同的碎片形状将会导致截然不同的碎片云特征。碎片云的形貌、质量、速度分布等特征直接决定碎片云对在轨航天器舱壁的侵彻能力和潜在威胁。本文考虑弹丸大小、形状等因素,数值模拟并分析正撞击下弹丸形状效应对碎片云分布特征的影响。研究表明:在相同初始撞击条件下,碎片云外貌形态、碎片数目及其分布受弹丸几何尺寸的影响较大。相同初始动能条件下,同形状弹丸碎片云对舱壁的侵彻能力随弹丸尺寸增加而提高;相同撞击速度下,同质量圆柱体弹丸对舱壁的潜在威胁受长径比的影响更明显;在相同撞击速度和长径比相当的条件下,同质量的三棱柱弹丸碎片云质量大、速度高且分布较分散,对舱壁的受损范围和受损程度均有较大影响。The real space debris normally has many kinds of shapes such as sphere,cylinder or cuboid,rather than a single shape,and different debris shapes result in completely different debris cloud characteristics.Characteristics of debris cloud such as shape,mass and velocity distribution directly determine the ability of debris cloud penetrating the on-orbit spacecraft bulkhead and its potential threat.Considering the factors such as the projectile size and shape,this paper numerically simulates and analyzes the influence of projectile shape effect on debris cloud distribution characteristics.The results show that under the same initial impact condi-tions,the debris cloud shape,the number of pieces of debris and their distribution are influenced significantly by the projectile geomet-ric dimensions.With the same initial kinetic energy,the ability of the debris cloud penetrating the bulkhead with the same projectile shape increases as the projectile size increases;with the same impact velocity,the potential threat of cylinder projectile with the same mass to the bulkhead is influenced significantly by the slenderness ratio;and with the same impact velocity and comparable slenderness ratio,the debris cloud of tri-prism projectile has a larger mass,higher velocity and dispersed distribution,resulting in significant influ-ence on the damaged range and degree of the bulkhead.

关 键 词：超高速撞击 碎片云 SPH 数值模拟 

分 类 号：O385[理学—流体力学]