岩溶地区水土漏失的定量研究进展  

Review of the quantitative study on soil leakage in karst area

作　　者：赵恬茵 吴媛媛 孙连群 高长春 潘网生[1] 许玉凤[1] 程富东 ZHAO Tianyin;WU Yuanyuan;SUN Lianqun;GAO Changchun;PAN Wangsheng;XU Yufeng;CHENG Fudong(Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities.Duyun,Guizhou 558000,China;Qiannan Soil and Water Conservation Station,Duyun,Guizhou 558000,China;Xi'an Piesat Information Technology Co.,Ltd,Xi'an,Shaanxi 710000,China)

机构地区：[1]黔南民族师范学院,贵州都匀558000 [2]黔南州水土保持站,贵州都匀558000 [3]西安航天宏图信息技术有限公司,陕西西安710000

出　　处：《中国岩溶》2023年第1期61-70,108,共11页Carsologica Sinica

基　　金：黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室基金课题(A314021402-202113);贵州省普通高等学校青年科技人才成项目(黔教合KY字[2019]210,黔教合KY字[2018]437);贵州省科学技术基金项目(黔科合基础[2018]1145);黔南景区溶洞旅游资源开发与生态环境保护工程研究中心(黔教合KY字[2017]025);黔南民族师范学院校级项目(qnsyrc201816,qnsy2018033)。

摘　　要：岩溶区特殊的“二元三维”水文地质结构为水土漏失提供了空间条件。水土漏失准确定量一直是岩溶区水土流失研究的重点和难点。以水土漏失的影响因素为核心,深入分析水土漏失对土壤性质、植被、降雨、地貌和人类活动等环境因子的响应特征,系统归纳前人采用径流小区监测法、洞穴滴水示踪法、传统模型法和指纹识别技术等方法获得径流小区、洞穴汇水区和流域尺度的水土漏失定量研究成果,指出水土漏失定量研究存在的主要问题,探讨水土漏失定量研究发展方向,为深入分析水土漏失驱动机制和进一步研究水土漏失与环境因子联动耦合关系提供参考。Soil loss in karst area is divided into surface soil loss and soil leakage.The binary and three-dimensional hydrogeologic structure in karst area provides space condition for its soil leakage.Different from surface soil loss,soil leakage is the transport and deposition of soil from the surface to the underground space.The strong karstification provides multifarious paths for soil leakage.Due to the complexity and variability of loss paths,the diversity and interactivity of influencing factors and the multi-interface nature of subsurface hydrological processes,a quantitative analysis of soil leakage in karst area is always one of the important issues in soil erosion research and one of the difficult questions in soil erosion forecasting and monitoring.Focused on influencing factors of soil leakage,this study is aimed at analyzing the effects of environmental factors such as soil properties,vegetation,rainfall characteristics,terrain feature and human activities on soil leakage.For quantitative tracing of sediment source in such levels as runoff plots,cave catchment area and watershed in spatial scale,four main quantitative methods about evaluating soil leakage in karst area,such as simulated runoff plot method,cave drip tracer method,traditional model method and composite fingerprinting,have been analyzed and compared.These four quantitative research methods have their own advantages and limitations.The simulated runoff plot method can quickly and intuitively monitor the soil leakage at a small spatial and temporal scale.However,its result is highly sensitive to external environmental factors such as rainfall and physical and chemical properties of soil.The cave drip method can only trace the soil loss that occurs by cave dropping water,which is quite different from the actual loss in the cave catchment.However,as a new leakage research method,it provides a new idea for leakage monitoring.The determination of soil leakage at watershed scale mainly includes model method and fingerprinting identification method.The

关 键 词：岩溶区 水土漏失 定量研究 影响因素 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]