从蟠虺纹簠的分析结果看青铜器修复非遗技艺  

Technical study of bronze restoration from analysis of a snake-patterned Fu

作　　者：宋建祥 高飞[1] 吕团结 雷勇[1] SONG Jianxiang;GAO Fei;LYU Tuanjie;LEI Yong(The Palace Museum,Beijing 100009,China)

机构地区：[1]故宫博物院,北京100009

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2023年第2期52-61,共10页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

基　　金：故宫博物院院课题(KT2021-14)资助。

摘　　要：故宫藏蟠虺纹簠是一件战国时期青铜器。借助X射线影像技术、X射线荧光技术、X射线衍射技术和激光拉曼光谱仪、紫外荧光照相技术和显微红外光谱仪对蟠虺纹簠内部伤况、锈蚀物相和锈蚀层次、蟠虺纹簠原修复痕迹、断口疑似“胶状物”等进行了科技检测。结果表明:蟠虺纹簠原破损严重,基体成分为铜锡铅合金,锈蚀物相主要为黑铜矿、赤铜矿和孔雀石。原修复材料中使用的有机物为虫胶,做旧中使用了硫酸钡、硫化锌、碳酸钙、铅铬黄、群青、巴黎绿和氯铜矿等颜料。最后,基于对蟠虺纹簠的研究,对“京派”青铜器修复技艺的特点进行了说明,蟠虺纹簠原修复技艺与故宫博物院传统青铜器修复技艺相差不大,应均属于“京派”青铜器修复技艺范畴。There is a snake-patterned bronze Fu from the Warring States Period in the Forbidden City.It was mainly used as a utensil for serving millet,rice and beans during sacrifices and banquets.With the help of X-radiography,X-ray fluorescence spectrometry,X-ray diffraction and laser Raman spectrometry,ultraviolet fluorescence photography and micro-infrared spectrometry,we carried out scientific testing on the internal injury conditions,rust phases and rust levels of the flat line,the original repair traces and the suspected“jelly”fractures,etc.The results show that the snake-patterned Fu had been severely damaged.The matrix composition was a copper-tin-lead alloy,and the main corrosion phases were black copper ore,cuprite and malachite.The organic substance used in the original restoration material was shellac,and antique finishes such as barium sulfate,zinc sulfide,calcium carbonate,lead-chrome yellow,ultramarine blue,Paris green and atacamite were used.Finally,based on the study of the snake pattern,the characteristics of the“Beijing-style”bronze restoration technique are explained.The original restoration technique for the snake-patterned Fu is not much different from the traditional bronze restoration technique of the Palace Museum,which should belong to the category of“Beijing-style”bronze restoration technique.

关 键 词：蟠虺纹簠 锈蚀物相 锈蚀层次 修复材料 “京派”修复技艺 

分 类 号：K879[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]