湖南七星墩遗址中红烧土建筑材料的科学分析  

Scientific analysis of red burnt clay-made building materials from Qixingdun site,Hunan Province

作　　者：王庆宇 吴又进[2] 毛龙江[1] 王良智[3] 单思伟 张云逸 WANG Qingyu;WU Youjin;MAO Longjiang;WANG Liangzhi;SHAN Siwei;ZHANG Yunyi(Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China;Hunan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology,Changsha 410005,China;School of History of Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学,江苏南京210044 [2]中国科学技术大学,安徽合肥230026 [3]湖南省文物考古研究所,湖南长沙410005 [4]武汉大学历史学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2023年第2期136-142,共7页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金资助(18YJC780002),国家自然科学基金项目资助(41771218),国家重点研发项目资助(2020YFC1521605)。

摘　　要：新石器时代中期,中国先民将制陶技术运用于房屋建筑中,发展了一系列强度与耐水性能显著提升的烧土建筑材料,极大地改善了居住环境。长江中下游地区新石器时代房屋建筑发展脉络清晰,广泛利用红烧土材料。采用XRD法、XRF法、磁化率法和色度法从物相组成、元素成分、磁化率、色度等方面对湖南七星墩遗址出土的不同文化时期的烧土样品进行综合分析。结果表明,6件红烧土样品应均为就地取土,并在泥料中加入了稻壳和稻草等植物残骸作为羼和料,经人工烘烤而成的建筑材料,等效烧成温度区间为550~700℃。研究结果可丰富史前建筑史的研究,磁化率测温法为未烧制黏土考古材料的烧成温度研究提供了一种科学有效的方法,进一步可尝试应用于早期陶器(尤其低温陶器)的烧成温度研究。In the middle of the Neolithic Age,Chinese ancestors applied pottery-making techniques to the technology of construction and invented a series of building materials,made of burnt clay,that had significantly better strength and water resistance,which greatly improved the living conditions of ancient humans.In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,the process of evolution of Neolithic building construction is much more obvious,with burnt clay-made materials widely used.In our study,XRD,XRF,magnetic susceptibility measurements and colorimetry were used to comprehensively analyze the burnt clay samples of different cultural stages unearthed at Qixingdun site in Huarong,Hunan Province.The results show that the six burnt clay samples were probably building materials made from local soil,mixed with plant remains such as rice husk and rice straw and then baked.The equivalent firing temperature range of these burnt clay samples is 550~700℃.

关 键 词：烧土材料 烧成温度 磁化率 七星墩遗址 

分 类 号：K871.13[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]