鄂西北山丘区水土流失时空格局及影响因子定量评价  

Quantitative Evaluation of Spatiotemporal Pattern and Influencing Factors of Soil and Water Loss in Hilly Areas of Northwestern Hubei Province

作　　者：田培 王哲[1] 喻海军[2] 平耀东 许盈[1] TIAN Pei;WANG Zhe;YU Haijun;PING Yaodong;XU Ying(Key Laboratory for Geographical Process Analysis&Simulation,Wuhan 430079,China;China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学、地理过程分析与模拟湖北省重点实验室,武汉430079 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2023年第3期76-85,共10页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41907061);湖北省自然科学基金面上项目(2021CFB550);黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室资助项目(A314021402-2005)。

摘　　要：[目的]揭示十堰市水土流失时空格局及影响因子,可对该区域水土保持及丹江口水库水质保护工作提供科学依据。[方法]基于2005-2020年十堰市水土流失动态监测数据及监测站点长时序观测数据,探究十堰市水土流失时空变化特征,并借鉴RUSLE模型定量评价其主要影响因子。[结果]十堰市水土流失在2005-2011年处于遏制阶段、2012-2020年处于相对稳定阶段;2020年十堰市中部地区水土流失呈现面积小、强度高的特点,南部三区呈现面积广、强度低的特点,而北部地区呈现面积广、强度高的特点。对于不同土地利用类型的径流小区,裸地小区平均土壤侵蚀模数最高[2 320 t/(km^(2)·a)],随后依次为耕地、经济林和草地小区;3个坡度等级(0°~10°,10°~20°,20°~30°)小区平均土壤侵蚀模数分别为[616.73,1 226.65,2 080.26 t/(km^(2)·a)],表明坡度超过10°后水土流失严重加剧;与天然植被覆盖小区相比,紫穗槐植物篱和土坎梯田小区的水土流失明显减弱,且紫穗槐植物篱的水土保持效果更优;不同土地利用类型小区的土壤侵蚀模数与坡度、侵蚀性降水量之间均呈显著二元线性或指数函数关系。[结论]十堰市水土流失的重点区域为郧西县和郧阳区,土地利用类型、坡度、植被覆盖类型及侵蚀性降水量均为该区域水土流失的重要影响因子,研究结果可为鄂西北地区水土保持措施优化配置及侵蚀模型构建提供科学依据。[Objective]Disclosesing the spatiotemporal pattern and influencing factors of soil erosion in Shiyan City plays an important guiding role in soil and water conservation and water quality protection of Danjiangkou Reservoir.[Methods]Based on the dynamic monitoring data of soil and water loss and long-term observation data of monitoring stations in Shiyan City from 2005 to 2020,the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of soil and water losses in Shiyan City were explored,and the main influencing factors were quantitatively evaluated by RUSLE model.[Results]Soil and water loss in Shiyan City was in the containment stage from 2005 to 2011 and in the relatively stable stage from 2012 to 2020.In 2020,the soil erosion in the central area of Shiyan City showed the characteristics of small area and high intensity.The three southern areas showed the characteristics of wide area and low intensity,while the northern area showed the characteristics of wide area and high intensity.For runoff plots with different land use types,the average soil erosion modulus of bare land plot was the highest〔2320 t/(km^(2)·a)〕,followed by cultivated land,economic forest and grassland plot.The average soil erosion moduli of the three slope grades(0°~10°,10°~20°,20°~30°)were 616.73 t/(km^(2)·a),1226.65 t/(km^(2)·a),2080.26 t/(km^(2)·a),respectively,indicating that the soil erosion was seriously aggravated after the slope gradient exceeded 10°.Compared with the natural vegetation coverage area,the soil erosion rates of Amorpha fruticosa hedgerow and ridge terrace area were significantly reduced,and the soil and water conservation effect of Amorpha fruticosa hedgerow was better.There was a significant binary linear or exponential function relationship between soil erosion modulus and slope and erosive precipitation in different land use types.[Conclusion]Yunxi County and Yunyang District are the key areas of soil and water losses in Shiyan City.The land use type,slope,vegetation cover type and erosive precipitation are th

关 键 词：土壤侵蚀模数 土壤侵蚀因子 时空分布 径流小区 RUSLE 十堰市 

分 类 号：S157.2[农业科学—土壤学]