不同灌溉方式下氢、氧同位素分布与小麦水分利用特征  

Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotope Distribution and Water Use Characteristics of Wheat Under Different Irrigation Methods

作　　者：杨永辉[1,2,3] 邬佳宾 武继承[1,2,3] 杨先明[5] 高翠民 潘晓莹 何方[1,2,3] YANG Yonghui;WU Jiabin;WU Jicheng;YANG Xianming;GAO Cuimin;PAN Xiaoying;HE Fang(Institute of Plant Nutrition,Agricultural Resources and Environmental Sciences,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Yuanyang Experimental Station of Crop Water Use,Ministry of Agriculture,Yuanyang 453514,China;Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Water-Saving Agriculture in the Yellow River Basin of Henan Province,Yuanyang 453514,China;Institute of Water Resources for Pastoral Area,MWR,Hohhot 010020,China;Henan Bangyou Technology Co.,Ltd.,Zhengzhou 450002,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,郑州450002 [2]农业部作物高效用水原阳科学观测试验站,河南原阳453514 [3]河南省黄河流域节水农业野外科学观测研究站,河南原阳453514 [4]水利部牧区水利科学研究所,呼和浩特010020 [5]河南邦友科技有限公司,郑州450001

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2023年第3期260-267,共8页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：河南省重大科技专项(221100110700);河南省农业科学院自主创新资金项目(2023ZC038);内蒙古自治区科技成果转化专项资金项目(2021CG0003)。

摘　　要：[目的]探明不同灌溉方式对小麦水分利用的贡献率及小麦根系吸水规律,可为合理应用灌溉用水提供科学依据。[方法]利用稳定氢氧同位素示踪法,研究了防雨棚条件下常规灌溉(X)与滴灌(D)不同灌水量条件下(X_(1),D_(1)∶15 mm;X_(2),D_(2)∶30 mm;X_(3),D_(3)∶45 mm)冬小麦生长期间土壤水稳定同位素变化特征,以及土壤耗水强度、光合生理特征及水分利用特征。[结果]随小麦生育期的推进,根系吸水逐渐加深。在拔节期小麦主要利用0-20 cm深度的土壤水;在抽穗期X_(2),D_(1)和D_(2)处理主要利用了0-20 cm土层的水分,但X_(1)处理主要利用了60-80 cm土层的水分,占53.9%,X_(3)处理主要利用了40-60 cm土层的水分,占77.0%。而D_(3)处理主要利用了0-60 cm土层的水分,占80.0%;到灌浆期,X_(1)和X_(2)处理主要利用了0-60 cm土层的水分,分别占86.2%和90.6%,而X_(3)处理主要利用了40-60 cm土层的水分,占73.9%。而D_(1)和D_(2)处理不同土层的水分利用比例较均匀,分别介于7.1%~27.8%和13.0%~38.2%之间。D_(3)处理主要利用了20-40 cm土层的水分,占51.0%。除抽穗-灌浆期中水处理(D_(2))及灌浆-收获期高水处理(D_(3))外,滴灌均有效降低了小麦的日耗水量。与常规灌溉相比,滴灌D_(2)和D_(3)处理更利于提高小麦的光合速率和叶片水分利用效率。此外,滴灌处理在小麦抽穗期和收获期均有效提高了小麦的生物量。最终,滴灌较常规耕作小麦产量提高了21.6%~28.0%和水分利用效率提高了24.4%~36.7%,均以D2处理最高。相关分析表明:小麦生长过程中,抽穗期0-20 cm土层水分贡献率和灌浆期80-100 cm土层的水分贡献率的提高对于其产量与水分利用效率的提高更为有利。[结论]滴灌更利于提供均匀的水分供给作物,同时减少水分无效蒸发,提高作物产量和水分利用率。[Objective]Ascertaining the contribution rate of different irrigation methods to wheat water use and the water absorption law of wheat root system can provide a scientific basis for the rational application of irrigation water.[Methods]Based on hydrogen-oxygen stable isotope tracing method,the characteristics of soil water stable isotope change during winter wheat growth under conventional irrigation(X)and drip irrigation(D)(X_(1),D_(1)∶15 mm;X_(2),D_(2)∶30 mm;X_(3) and D_(3)∶45 mm)were studied.[Results]The absorption of water deepened with the advancement of the wheat growth period.Soil moisture in 0-20 cm depth was mainly consumed by wheat in the jointing stage under different treatments.In the heading stage,X_(2),D_(1),and D_(2) treatments mainly used soil moisture in 0-20 cm layer,but X 1 treatment mainly used soil moisture in 60-80 cm layer,accounting for 53.9%,and X 3 treatment mainly used soil moisture in 40-60 cm,accounting for 77.0%.D 3 treatment mainly used soil moisture in 0-60 cm layer accounting for 80.0%.In the filling stage,X_(1) and X_(2) treatments mainly used soil moisture in 0-60 cm,accounting for 86.2%,and 90.6%,respectively,while X_(3) treatment mainly used soil moisture in 40-60 cm layer,accounting for 73.9%.However,the water use ratio of different soil layers of D_(1) and D_(2) treatments were more uniform,ranging between 7.1%~27.8%and 13.0%~38.2%,respectively.The D_(3) treatment mainly utilized the water in the 20-40 cm soil layer,accounting for 51.0%.Drip irrigation,except for D_(2) and D_(3) treatments,could effectively reduce the daily water consumption of wheat.Compared with conventional irrigation,D_(2) and D_(3) treatments were more beneficial to improve the photosynthetic rate and leaf water use efficiency of wheat.Moreover,drip irrigation treatment effectively improved the wheat biomass during both the heading and harvest periods.Finally,wheat yield and water use efficiency under the drip irrigation condition increased by 21.6%~28.0%and 24.4%~36.7%,respectively,compared with

关 键 词：滴灌 稳定氢氧同位素 水分运移 冬小麦 水分利用 

分 类 号：S275.3[农业科学—农业水土工程] S275.6[农业科学—农业工程]