从相邻到反转:低保“悬崖效应”及其形成机制探究  

The Welfare Cliff Effect of the Dibao Program and Its Formation Mechanism

作　　者：郭忠兴[1] Guo Zhongxing(College of Public Administration,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学公共管理学院

出　　处：《社会保障评论》2023年第1期119-132,共14页Chinese Social Security Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“实施乡村建设行动研究”(21ZDA058);江苏省民政厅资助项目“困难群众基本生活保障研究”(JSMZ2020010)。

摘　　要：本文分析了低保“悬崖效应”的制度内成因与制度外贡献。研究表明:第一,低保“悬崖效应”显著存在,其规模约为最低生活保障标准的35%—52%。第二,“悬崖效应”的制度内成因不容忽视,在常规低保金和“分类施保”措施的加持下,低保补助对“悬崖效应”的贡献约为57%—80%。第三,专项救助和公共服务对低保家庭的帮扶多为费用减免、价格优惠和费用代缴等“隐性福利”,其对“悬崖效应”的贡献约为20%—43%。据此,本文建议构建机会均等化、力度梯度化的社会救助体系,变“悬崖”为“阶梯”,提升社会救助综合效能。This paper analyzes the welfare cliff effect of the Minimum Living Guarantee(dibao)program and its formation mechanism. The results show that:(1) the cliff effect of the dibao is signifi cant, and its scale is equivalent to about 35%-52% of the dibao standard;(2) with the combined effects of regular and additional dibao allowances, the contribution of dibao allowance to the cliff effect is about 57%-80%;and(3) the assistance provided by special assistance and public service programs to dibao families is mostly manifested as "hidden benefits" such as fee reductions, price concessions, and waiver of contributions, contributing about 20%-43% to the clif f ef fect. Therefore,this paper proposes to build a social assistance system which provides equal opportunities and stratifi ed benefits, so as to turn the "cliff" into "steps" and improve the comprehensive efficiency of social assistance.

关 键 词：低保制度 “悬崖效应” 低保边缘家庭 社会救助 倾向得分匹配 

分 类 号：D632.1[政治法律—政治学]