中国特色慈善事业的文化动因  

The Cultural Motivation of Philanthropy with Chinese Characteristics

作　　者：高静华 Gao Jinghua(College of Humanities and Development Studies,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学人文与发展学院

出　　处：《社会保障评论》2023年第1期133-146,共14页Chinese Social Security Review

摘　　要：现代慈善事业发展蕴涵着传统慈善文化的底色,慈善事业发展程度折射出慈善文化持久的影响力。中华慈善文化以家为起点向外扩散,家由此成为了行善的逻辑起点,是爱与善最先生发的地方,也是亲亲而泛众的源头。中华慈善文化的逻辑谱系为“家在前、国在后,中间强调个人和社会”,体现的是一种家族关怀和家国情怀,背后蕴含着个人“修齐治平”“成王成圣”的人生理想与价值追求。其鲜明特色表现为:以儒家“仁爱”思想为主导;以宗法血缘关系为伦理基础;遵循亲疏远近与特殊信任原则;偏好直接捐赠的慈善模式;官办慈善与民间慈善长期并存;在精神文明建设与社会向善中有巨大价值。文化的多样性决定着慈善发展模式的多样性,中华慈善文化形塑中国特色的慈善事业,中国式慈善的现代化绝非是走向西方化,而是要以传统文化为支撑,理性建构符合国情和时代发展需要的慈善事业。The development of modern philanthropy is based on traditional philanthropic culture, and refl ects the enduring infl uence of philanthropic culture. Chinese philanthropic culture originated from families and spreads outward from them. Families thus become the logical origin of traditional Chinese philanthropic culture, the place where love and goodness originated, and the source of kindness. In Chinese philanthropic culture, "family comes fi rst, individuals and society come second, and the state comes last". The sequence reflects the care from families and patriotism, and implies ideals and pursuits of individuals. The distinctive features of Chinese philanthropic culture include:(1) being dominated by the Confucian idea of "benevolence";(2) taking patriarchal kinship as a basis for ethics;(3) following the principles of distinguishing different levels of closeness and special trust;(4) a preference for direct donations;(5) a long-term coexistence of charities run by governments and private charities, and(6) contributing greatly to the construction of spiritual civilization and a kinder society. Cultural diversity brings about varied models for the development of philanthropy. The modernization of Chinese philanthropy is not a move toward a Western-style one, but to construct a system based on traditional Chinese culture and suited to China’s reality and development.

关 键 词：慈善文化 慈善伦理 慈善事业 现代慈善 

分 类 号：D632.9[政治法律—政治学] B82-05[政治法律—中外政治制度]