外源菌剂对餐厨垃圾和污泥联合堆肥酶活性及微生物的影响  

Effects of exogenous bacterial agents on enzyme activities and microorganisms during aerobic co-composting of food waste with sewage sludge

作　　者：曹秀芹[1,2] 贾明艳 潘亚红 朱开金 CAO Xiuqin;JIA Mingyan;PAN Yahong;ZHU Kaijin(Key Laboratory of Urban Storm Water System and Water Environment,Ministry of Education,Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Beijing 100044;School of Environment and Energy Engineering,Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Beijing 100044;Department of Materials Engineering,Taiyuan Institute of Technology,Taiyuan Shanxi 030008)

机构地区：[1]北京建筑大学城市雨水系统与水环境省部共建教育部重点实验室,北京100044 [2]北京建筑大学环境与能源工程学院,北京100044 [3]太原工业学院材料工程系,山西太原030008

出　　处：《环境污染与防治》2023年第4期477-485,491,共10页Environmental Pollution & Control

基　　金：山西省重点研发计划项目(No.201803D31074)。

摘　　要：以餐厨垃圾和污泥(质量比1∶1)混合物为底物,以不接种微生物为对照,以添加外源菌剂和腐熟堆肥为两个处理,研究外源菌剂对联合堆肥过程中酶活性和腐熟期微生物的影响。结果表明,外源菌剂可促进堆体升温并延长高温期,可显著提高纤维素酶、过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蛋白酶的活性,4种酶的峰值分别为377.294 U/g、83.107 mL/(g·h)、0.763 mg/(g·d)和147.411 U/g。采用高通量测序技术分析发现,添加外源菌剂降低了腐熟期细菌、真菌的群落多样性,但提高了真菌群落丰富度。门水平上,各堆体细菌和真菌的优势群落种类差异较小,仅相对丰度变化较大;属水平上,添加外源菌剂使堆体中优势细菌占比更均匀,优势真菌主要为土壤伊萨酵母菌(Issatchenkia)、念珠菌(Candida)、未分类真菌(Unclassified Fungi)等。采用FAPROTAX工具对细菌功能分组,各堆体相对丰度较高的功能菌以化能异养、有氧化能异养、硝酸盐还原等为主,然而添加外源菌剂和腐熟堆肥使芳香族化合物的降解功能菌相对丰度分别提高了8.0倍、7.4倍。The effects of exogenous bacterial agents on enzyme activities and microorganisms in the co-composting process were studied during the co-composting process.Food waste and sewage sludge(mass ratio 1∶1)were used as substrates.The group without inoculated microorganisms was composted as the control treatment.The other two treatments were the groups with exogenous microbial agents and mature compost,respectively.The results showed that the exogenous agents could make the temperature of the composting system increase faster,extend the high temperature duration,and could significantly increase the activities of cellulase,catalase,urease and protease.The peak values of the four enzymes were 377.294 U/g,83.107 mL/(g·h),0.763 mg/(g·d)and 147.411 U/g,respectively.By means of high-throughput sequencing technology,the analysis showed that the addition of exogenous bacteria reduced the community diversity of bacteria and fungi,but improved the richness of fungal communities in cooling period.At the phylum level,there were high similarity of the dominant communities of bacteria and fungi in each pile,and only the relative abundance changed significantly.At the genus level,the addition of exogenous bacterial agents made the proportion of dominant bacteria in the pile more even,and the dominant fungi were Issatchenkia,Candida,Unclassified Fungi,etc.Depending on the bacterial function,the bacteria were grouped by the FAPROTAX tool.The functional bacteria with relatively high abundance in each pile were chemoheterotrophy,aerobic chemoheterotrophy,nitrate reduction,etc.However,the addition of bacterial agents and mature compost both increased the relative abundance of the functional bacteria which degraded aromatic compounds by 8.0 times and 7.4 times,respectively.

关 键 词：餐厨垃圾 污泥 外源菌剂 好氧堆肥 酶活性 微生物群落 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X799.3[农业科学—肥料学] S141.4[农业科学—农业基础科学]