地热系统深部热能聚敛理论及勘查实践  

Theory and survey practice of deep heat accumulation in geothermal system and exploration practice

作　　者：王贵玲[1,2] 蔺文静 刘峰[1,2] 甘浩男 王思琪[3] 岳高凡 龙西亭 刘彦广 WANG Guiling;LIN Wenjing;LIU Feng;GAN Haonan;WANG Siqi;YUE Gaofan;LONG Xiting;LIU Yanguang(Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology,CAGS,Shijiazhuang,Hebei 050061,China;Technology Inovation Center of Geothermal&Hot Dry Rock Exploitation and Development,MNR,Shijiazhuang,Hebei 050061,China;Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Sciences and Geothermal Energy Exploitation and Utilization,Institute of Deep Earth Sciences and Green Energy,College of Civil and Transportation Engineering,Shenzhen University,Shenzhen,Guangdong 518060,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所,河北石家庄050061 [2]自然资源部地热与干热岩勘查开发技术创新中心,河北石家庄050061 [3]中国地质科学院,北京100037 [4]深圳大学深地科学与绿色能源研究院,广东省深地科学与地热能开发利用重点实验室,广东深圳518060

出　　处：《地质学报》2023年第3期639-660,共22页Acta Geologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(编号SQ2021YFB15003);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(编号41902310);中国地质调查项目(编号DD20221676-4)联合资助的成果。

摘　　要：深部热能聚敛及富集过程研究是地热资源探测评价的重要基础。地热壳构热控理论是以地球动力学理论为基础,以构造控热作用研究为主线,通过大地构造学、构造地质学、地热地质学等学科理论和方法,研究深部热能聚敛过程及热异常分布规律,分析各种构造要素间的相互作用及控热机制,探讨地热资源靶区预测方法,从而指导地热勘查的科学。本文系统论述了地热壳构热控理论的内涵与外延,提出了我国不同类型地热资源“同源共生-壳幔生热-构造聚热”的客观自然规律,分析了我国陆区壳幔尺度热流配分格局与不同地质背景条件下影响浅地表温度场的主要控热构造,并以渤海湾盆地、青藏高原、东南沿海等我国主要地热系统为研究对象,以壳构热控理论为指导,以勘查区找热为出发点,以控热作用内生因素(壳幔生热)和外生因素(构造聚热)为切入点,通过研究影响壳幔生热、壳内传热、勘查靶区聚热这一地球物理过程,确定了不同构造背景下地热系统的主要控热构造。从传统的经验式找热到建立构造控热预测标志,再到水热型地热资源-干热型地热资源共生富集认知,理论认识的创新发展,将引领和支撑我国地热资源不断实现高效勘探和开发利用。The study of deep thermal energy convergence and enrichment processes is an important basis for geothermal resource exploration and evaluation.Geothermal Crust-Tectonic Thermal Control Theory is based on geodynamics theory,with the study of tectonic thermal control as the main line,through the theory and method of geotectonics,tectonic geology,geothermal geology and other disciplines,to study the process of deep thermal energy convergence and the distribution pattern of regional thermal anomalies,analyze the interaction between various tectonic elements and thermal control mechanism,explore the prediction method of geothermal resource target area,so as to guide the science of geothermal exploration.This paper systematically discusses the connotation and extension of Geothermal Crust-Tectonic Thermal Control Theory,proposes the objective natural law of“crustal-mantle thermal generation-tectonic thermal control-homogenous symbiosis”for geothermal resources in China,analyzes the pattern of crustal-mantle scale heat flow distribution in China􀆳s land area and the main thermal control structures affecting the shallow surface temperature field under different geological background conditions.The main geothermal systems in China,such as the North China basin,Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and southeast coast,were studied,and the main heat-controlling structures of geothermal systems in different tectonic backgrounds were identified by studying the geophysical processes affecting heat generation in the crust and mantle,heat transfer in the crust and heat gathering in the exploration target area,with the crustal structure heatcontrol theory as the guiding point and the heat search in the exploration area as the starting point,and the endogenous factor(crust-mantle heat generation)and exogenous factor(tectonic heat gathering)causes of heat-controlling effects as the entry point.From the traditional empirical heat search to the establishment of tectonic heat control prediction signs,and then to the cognition of conventional ge

关 键 词：壳构热控理论 壳幔尺度热流配分 主要控热构造 勘查实践 

分 类 号：P314[天文地球—固体地球物理学]