基于线粒体控制区和微卫星标记探讨秦岭细鳞鲑物种有效性  

THE VALIDITY OF SPECIES OF BRACHYMYSTAX TSINLINGENSIS LI BASEDON MITOCHONDRIA CONTROL REGION AND MICROSATELLITE

作　　者：熊冬梅 蒙彦晓 张鑫淼 王继隆[2] 冯广朋[3] 邵俭 王立新[1] XIONG Dong-Mei;MENG Yan-Xiao;ZHANG Xin-Miao;WANG Ji-Long;FENG Guang-Peng;SHAO Jian;WANG Li-Xin(Department of Fisheries Science,College of Animal Science and Technology,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Harbin 150070,China;East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Shanghai 200090,China;College of Animal Science,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学动物科技学院水产科学系,杨凌712100 [2]中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所,哈尔滨150070 [3]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,上海200090 [4]贵州大学动物科学学院,贵阳550025

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2023年第5期809-818,共10页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32273138和31302189);陕西省重点研发计划(2021NY-002);中央高校基本科研业务费(2452020154)资助。

摘　　要：文章基于线粒体控制区基因序列和微卫星标记比较秦岭细鳞鲑(Brachymystax tsinlingensis Li)、黑龙江流域的尖吻细鳞鲑(Brachymystax lenok Pallas)和钝吻细鳞鲑(Brachymystax tumensis Mori)的分子遗传差异,为澄清其分类地位争议提供分子证据。结果表明:(1)扩增217个样本的mtDNA D-loop区序列,共获得45个单倍型,类群间无共享单倍型;基于单倍型构建的系统进化树显示三个细鳞鲑类群呈独立的支系;(2)基于14个呈多态性位点的遗传分化结果表明,秦岭细鳞鲑与尖吻或钝吻细鳞鲑之间的遗传距离均大于尖吻细鳞鲑和钝吻细鳞鲑之间的遗传距离;(3)基于线粒体D-loop和多态性微卫星位点计算出的遗传分化系数(FST)都远高于0.25表明三个类群间的遗传分化程度极高。这些结果表明,秦岭细鳞鲑与黑龙江流域细鳞鲑之间遗传分化程度高,结合前期发现秦岭细鳞鲑与黑龙江细鳞鲑类群有明显形态分化的研究结果及它们之间地理隔离已久的现状,研究初步判定秦岭细鳞鲑为独立物种,并建议以Brachymystax tsinlingensis Li为拉丁名。同时,建议将秦岭细鳞鲑作为独立单元进行保护,避免人为引种或杂交等因素造成种质资源破坏。Qinling lenok(Brachymystax tsinlingensis Li),a national ClassⅡaquatic protected animal,is in urgent need of germplasm conservation due to the obvious decline of its wild population,however,since its subspecies was named in 1966,the status of its subspecies/species has been controversial until now.The unclear classification status seriously hinders the effective development of conservation work.Based on the mitochondrial control region gene sequence and microsatellite markers,we compared the molecular genetic differences between Qinling lenok and Heilongjiang lenok(Brachymystax lenok Pallas and Brachymystax tumensis Mori),to provide molecular evidence for clarifying the taxonomic status of Qinling lenok.The results showed as follows:(1)A total of 45 haplotypes were obtained by amplified mtDNA D-loop sequences of 217 samples,and no haplotypes were shared among above three groups.Phylogenetic tree based on haplotypes showed that each of the three groups of lenok was an independent clade.(2)The results of genetic differentiation based on 14 polymorphic loci showed that the genetic distance between Qinling lenok and B.lenok,Qinling lenok and B.tumensis was greater than the value between B.lenok and B.tumensis.(3)The genetic differentiation coefficient(FST)based on mitochondrial D-loop and polymorphic microsatellite loci analysis was higher than 0.25,indicating a high degree of genetic differentiation among the three groups.In the present study,a high degree of genetic differentiation among three groups were found.Combined with the previous results of obvious morphological differentiation between Qinling lenok and Heilongjiang lenok,which published by our team and the status of geographical isolation between Qinling and Heilongjiang rivers for a long time,we preliminarily determined that Qinling lenok is an independent species with Latin name Brachymystax tsinlingensis Li.It is suggested that Qinling lenok should be protected as an independent unit to avoid the destruction of germplasm resources caused by artificial

关 键 词：线粒体控制区 微卫星标记 秦岭细鳞鲑 尖吻细鳞鲑 钝吻细鳞鲑 

分 类 号：S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源]