基于工程化细菌的活性生物材料研究及其医学应用  

Engineered Bacteria-based Living Biomaterials for Biomedical Applications

作　　者：陈欢欢 张先正[1] Huan-huan Chen;Xian-zheng Zhang(Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education,Department of Chemistry,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学化学与分子科学学院生物医用高分子材料教育部重点实验室,武汉430072

出　　处：《高分子学报》2023年第5期550-563,共14页Acta Polymerica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(项目号2019YFA0905603);国家自然科学基金(基金号22135005,51833007,21721005)资助项目.

摘　　要：细菌由于具有高度生物相容性、运动性和可自主感应生理信号,基于细菌的疗法和递送系统已经被广泛应用于医学领域,包括生物成像、疾病治疗以及组织修复与再生等.本文从工程化细菌的构建、生物医学应用以及临床转化三方面总结和评述了生物医用工程化细菌领域的研究进展.重点介绍了通过化学工程化策略对细菌进行改造,在维持细菌自主性和动态功能的同时赋予其新的功能,提高疾病诊断效率,改善治疗效果.此外,还探讨了工程化的细菌在医学领域上的最新进展和应用前景,最后对工程化细菌未来在医学应用上的挑战进行了简要的展望.Living bacteria have the characteristics of biocompatibility,motility and can autonomously sense physiological signals,which can be used as therapeutic agents or drug carriers for the treatment of a variety of intractable diseases,including bioimaging,disease treatment,and tissue repair and regeneration.However,bacteria still have shortcomings for medical applications.For examples,some bacteria are often fragile to unfriendly environmental stimulation,leading to unnecessary bacterial death and reduced treatment effectiveness.Recently,various physicochemical and bioengineered modification strategies have been developed for individual bacteria to improve the bioavailability and efficacy,as well as achieve targeted delivery of conventional drugs.In this review,we highlight recent advance in engineered bacteria-based living biomaterials for biomedical applications in terms of engineered bacteria,biomedical application,and clinical transformation.According to the charge state,chemical groups,proteins and antigens of the bacterial surface,we systematically introduce the engineered bacteria modified with physicochemical and bioengineered strategies,especially for single bacteria.In addition,we highlight engineered bacteria-based living biomaterials for emerging diagnosis and advanced therapy,including imaging,biosensor,disease treatment,and tissue repair and regeneration,etc.Furtherly,in the clinical translation,we summarize the new progress of engineered bacteria in the treatment of tumor and gastrointestinal diseases,as well as the great success of engineered bacteria in various clinical trials.Finally,the opportunities and challenges in the future medical application of engineered bacteria have been briefly prospected.This review offers the progress in the application of engineered bacteria based on living biomaterials in biomedical application,which has potential for the development of bacterial therapy in the future.

关 键 词：活性生物材料 工程化细菌 化学修饰 基因编辑 医学应用 

分 类 号：R318.08[医药卫生—生物医学工程]