生态环境损害惩罚性赔偿的多重透视  

Multiple perspectives on punitive compensation for ecological and environmental damage

作　　者：秘明杰[1] 娄玉帅 BEI Mingjie;LOU Yushuai(College of Humanities and Law,Shandong University ofScience and Technology,Qingdao 266590,China)

机构地区：[1]山东科技大学文法学院,山东青岛266590

出　　处：《浙江理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第2期217-226,共10页Journal of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University：Social Sciences

基　　金：山东省研究生教育优质课程项目(SDYKC21061);苏州市社会科学基金项目(Y2022LX185)。

摘　　要：《中华人民共和国民法典》第1232条规定了生态环境损害惩罚性赔偿制度,但该条文没有明确生态环境损害惩罚性赔偿的适用范围,对司法实践产生了一定影响。继而,《最高人民法院关于审理生态环境侵权纠纷案件适用惩罚性赔偿的解释》的出台对惩罚性赔偿在生态环境损害案件中的适用作出了进一步补充,但相关规定依旧存在争议,因此有必要对生态环境损害惩罚性赔偿的法律性质、适用范围以及请求权设置进行讨论。对于生态环境损害惩罚性赔偿制度的规制,应以“法律性质——适用范围——请求权设置”为路径,在厘清其公益和私益双重法律属性的基础上,确定适用范围的二元结构,明确“公私分立”的请求权设置。通过划定法律责任适用边界,解决惩罚性赔偿请求权竞合问题,实现环境私益诉讼与环境公益诉讼之间的有效衔接;从而突破生态环境损害惩罚性赔偿制度的适用困境,发挥其在生态环境保护领域的特殊作用,更好地实现保护受损利益的价值目标。Article 1232 of the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China stipulates the system of punitive compensation for ecological and environmental damage,but this article does not specify the scope of application of punitive compensation for ecological and environmental damage,which has a certain impact on the judicial practice.The later promulgation of the Interpretation of the Supreme People's Court on the Application of Punitive Com pensation in the Trial of Ecological Environment Infringement Disputes makes a further supplement to the application of punitive compensation in ecological and environmental damage cases,but the relevant provisions are still controversial,so it is necessary to discuss and analyze the legal nature,scope of application and the setting of claim rights of punitive compensation for ecological environment damage.As far as the regulation of the punitive compensation system for ecological and environmental damage is concerned,the path of"legal nature-scope of application-setting of claim rights"should be followed,and on the basis of clarifying the dual legal attributes of public interest and private interest,the duality of the scope of application should be determined,and the setting of the claim rights regarding"division of public law and private law"should be clarified.By demarcating the applicable boundaries of legal liability,we can solve the problem of concurrence of claims for punitive compensation,and realize the effective connection between environmental private interest litigation and environmental public interest litigation.In this way,we can break through the dilemma of the application of the punitive compensation system for ecological and environmental damage,give full play to its special role in the field of ecological environmental protection,and better achieve the value goal of protecting damaged interests.

关 键 词：生态环境损害 惩罚性赔偿 法律属性 适用范围 请求权竞合 

分 类 号：D922.68[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]