孕妇家庭吸烟者的控烟干预效果评价  

Evaluation on effect of tobacco control intervention smokers in the family of pregnant women

作　　者：罗敏红 马丽娜 李慧敏 孙爱 LUO Minhong;MA Lina;LI Huimin;SUN Ai(Guangzhou Health Publicity and Education Center,Guangzhou 510630,China;Guangzhou Li wan Maternal and child Care Service Centre,Guangzhou 510375,China)

机构地区：[1]广州市卫生健康宣传教育中心健康指导部,广州510630 [2]广州市荔湾区妇幼保健院妇幼健教科,广州510475

出　　处：《预防医学情报杂志》2023年第3期288-296,共9页Journal of Preventive Medicine Information

基　　金：广东省医学科学技术研究基金(项目编号:A2020203)。

摘　　要：目的帮助孕妇家庭中的吸烟者减少吸烟量或戒烟,降低孕妇家庭中二手烟暴露,保护母婴健康。方法2021年在某妇幼保健院纳入孕妇及其同住吸烟者,对研究对象开展持续6个月的综合控烟干预,采用调查问卷的方式,对孕妇以及同住吸烟者分别进行基线和终末调查,评价吸烟者干预后吸烟行为情况,采用χ^(2)检验比较干预前后吸烟者和孕妇烟草知识变化以及孕妇家庭中二手烟暴露情况。结果干预后,吸烟者1个月戒烟率为36.6%(34/93),有36.6%(34/93)的吸烟者吸烟量减少。孕妇家庭中的二手烟暴露率由干预前的73.3%(77/105)下降到50.5%(47/93)。吸烟者在孕妇面前吸烟以及在家吸烟的比例分别从干预前的63.8%(67/105)和56.2%(59/105)下降到38.7%(36/93)和44.1%(41/93),愿意帮助吸烟者戒烟的孕妇由干预前的67.6%(71/105)上升到97.8%(91/92),差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。孕妇对烟草相关知识得分从干预前(13.6±5.6)分提高到干预后(15.6±4.8)分;吸烟者对烟草相关知识得分由干预前的(11.7±5.5)分提高到(14.1±5.9)分。结论基于家庭为整体,结合健康教育,采用微信线上戒烟帮助的持续系统行为心理综合控烟措施是一种行之有效的控烟干预手段,能有效降低孕妇家庭中被动吸烟暴露。Objective To help smokers in the family of pregnant women to reduce smoking or quit smoking,so as to reduce secondhand smoke exposure in pregnant women’s families,thus protect maternal and infant health.Methods In 2021,pregnant women and their co-living smokers were recruited in a maternal and child health hospital.A comprehensive tobacco control intervention was conducted for 6 months.Pregnant women and co-living smokers were investigated by using questionnaire at both baseline and final survey.Chi-square tests were used to compare the changes of tobacco knowledge of smokers and pregnant women and the exposure of second-hand smoke in pregnant women’s families before and after the intervention.Results After the intervention,the smoking cessation rate of smokers in past month was 36.6%(34/93),and 36.6%(34/93)of smokers decreased the amount of smoking.The rate of secondhand smoke exposure in pregnant women’s households decreased from 73.3%(77/105)to 50.5%(47/93).The exposure rate of second-hand smoke in pregnant women’s families decreased from 73.3%(77/105)to 50.5%(47/93).The proportion of smokers smoking in front of pregnant women and at home decreased from 63.8%(67/105)and 56.2%(59/105)to 38.7%(36/93)and 44.1%(41/93),respectively.The proportion of pregnant women who were willing to help smokers quit smoking increased from 67.6%(71/105)to 97.8%(91/92),and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.001).The scores of tobacco-related knowledge in both pregnant women(13.6±5.6 vs.15.6±4.8)and smokers(11.7±5.5vs.14.1±5.9)increased after the intervention.Conclusions Based on the family as a whole,combined with health education and mobile medical technology,continuous and systematic behavioral and psychological comprehensive tobacco control measures were effective to reduce passive smoking exposure in pregnant women’s families.

关 键 词：孕妇 吸烟者 控烟干预 

分 类 号：R197.5[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]