青藏高原东北边缘云杉-巴山冷杉林火烧迹地植物群落演替的数量研究  

Plant Community Succession in the Burned Area of Picea asperata-Abies fargesii Forest on the Northeastern Edge of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

作　　者：周晓雷[1] 杨富强 田青[1,3] 周旭姣 赵安 何万鹏 赵艳丽 姜礼红 ZHOU Xiao-lei;YANG Fu-qiang;TIAN Qing;ZHOU Xu-jiao;ZHAO An;HE Wan-peng;ZHAO Yan-li;JIANG Li-hong(College of Forestry,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China;Landscape engineering,Gansu Province Forestry Vocational and Technical College,Tian shui 741020,Gansu,China;Pratacultural College,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China;Qiandongnan Institute of Forestry,Kaili 556000,Guizhou,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学林学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃省林业职业技术学院园林工程学院,甘肃天水741020 [3]甘肃农业大学草业学院,甘肃兰州730070 [4]贵州黔东南州林业科学研究所,贵州凯里556000

出　　处：《林业科学研究》2023年第2期119-132,共14页Forest Research

基　　金：甘肃省财政厅、甘肃省GEF/OP12项目“青藏高原东北边缘云杉-冷杉火烧迹地森林演替动态及演替机理研究”(03619078)资助。

摘　　要：[目的]分析青藏高原东北边缘云杉-巴山冷杉林火烧迹地不同演替阶段植物群落物种组成和多样性变化规律,为火烧迹地植物群落的科学管理提供依据。[方法]采用空间代替时间方法,在迭山北坡,选取4个不同演替阶段的植物群落,即火后演替5年(5 a)、火后演替15年(15 a)、火后演替23年(23 a)和森林顶级群落(Climax)作为一个演替序列,采用样方法调查植物群落的物种组成,计算物种重要值、多样性指数和群落相似系数等指标,以揭示火烧迹地植物群落演替的数量特征。[结果]1)随着火烧迹地植物群落演替时间的推移,群落物种丰富度下降,个体数量逐渐减少,其中5 a群落物种丰富度最大,个体数最多(4008±298株·(400 m^(2))^(-1)),Climax的物种丰富度最小,个体数量也最少(1759±90株·(400 m^(2))^(-1));草本层5a群落、灌木层和乔木层Climax群落的Margalef指数和Shannon-Wiener指数最大。2)依据重要值,5 a、15 a、23 a和Climax 4个不同演替阶段的群落可命名为扁刺蔷薇+箭竹+密生薹草、唐古特忍冬+黑水柳+密生薹草、青海云杉-红桦+扁刺蔷薇+密生薹草群落和云杉-巴山冷杉+唐古特忍冬+密生薹草群落。3)不同演替阶段草本植物群落异质性指数5 a(0.07)<15 a(0.12)<23 a(0.19)<Climax(0.22)。4)5 a、15 a和23 a群落的多度为几何级数分布型,表明火烧迹地环境条件有利于草本植物生长,生态位确定性物种在群落构建过程中占据主要地位;而Climax群落的多度呈“S”型分布,“中间类型”物种占据了群落的绝大部分,属于演替晚期群落。5)根据β多样性的差异,可将4个不同演替阶段群落的灌木层划分为初建灌木层(5 a)和稳定灌木层(15 a,23 a,Climax),草本层划分为剧烈变化草本层(5 a和15 a)和稳定草本层(23 a和Climax)。[结论]随着植物群落演替时间越长,青藏高原东北边缘云杉-巴山冷杉林火烧迹地物种丰富度呈递减趋势,群落间的�[Objective]To analyze the dynamic changes of species composition and plant biodiversity at different succession stages in the burned area of Picea asperata-Abies fargesii forest on the northeastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau for providing a scientific reference for scientific management of plant communities in burned areas..[Method]Using the method of space-for-time substitution,plant communities in four different succession stages were selected on the northern slope of Mount Dieshan,including5-year post-fire succession(5 a),15-year post-fire succession(15 a),23-year post-fire succession(23 a)and the climax forest community(Climax).The species composition of plant communities,and species important value,αdiversity index andβdiversity index were calculated.[Result]1)The species richness of the community and the number of plant decreased during the succession of plant community in the burned area.Among them,species richness and the number of plant(4008±298 individual·400 m^(−2))in the community 5 a were the largest,but those in the Climax community were the least(1759±90 individual·400 m^(−2)).The Margalef index and the Shannon-Wiener index of the 5 a community in the herb layer,the Climax community in the shrub layer and the tree layer were the largest.2)Based on the important value,the communities of 5 a,15 a,23 a and Climax in four different stages can be named as Rosa sweginzowii+Fargesia spathacea+Carex crebra,Lonicera tangutica+Salix heishuiensis+Carex crebra,Picea crassifolia-Betula albosinensis+Rosa sweginzowii+Carex crebra,Abies fargesii-Picea asperata+Lonicera tangutica+Carex crebra community,respectively.3)The heterogeneity of herbaceous community at different succession stages were 5 a(0.07)<15 a(0.12)<23 a(0.19)<Climax(0.22).4)The plant abundance in stages 5 a,15 a and 23 a presented the geometric progression distribution,indicating that the environmental conditions were conducive to herb growth and species with deterministic niche occupied a dominant role in community construction.T

关 键 词：云杉-巴山冷杉林 火烧迹地 植物群落 演替 数量研究 青藏高原东北边缘 

分 类 号：S718.54[农业科学—林学]