行政执法机关非罪化处置的若干程序问题  

Several Procedural Issues of Non-Criminal Disposal of Administrative Law Enforcement Agencies

作　　者：黄小龙 刘婉琴 HUANG Xiaolong;LIU Wanqin(School of Economics,Management and Law,University of South China,Hengyang 421001,China)

机构地区：[1]南华大学经济管理与法学学院,湖南衡阳421001

出　　处：《湖南工业大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第2期83-90,共8页Journal of Hunan University of Technology(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：湖南省教育厅基金资助青年项目“行政执法与刑事司法双向衔接机制研究”(22B0419)。

摘　　要：非罪化现象在行政执法实践中一直存在,但学界对此基本持反对立场。行政非罪化具有其合理性,出罪权的“诉讼过程”配置规律,以及行政执法机关对于行政犯罪案件的先行管辖事实,共同构筑了行政执法机关非罪化处置的正当性基础。针对行政非罪化案件的管辖冲突,应当根据冲突主体的不同,确立相应的解决规则。非罪化的前提是行为构成犯罪,对于行政非罪化处置程序中涉嫌犯罪的证明,应当根据主客观违法事实,将证明责任合理地配置给行政机关和相对人。同时,为了控制行政执法机关非罪化处置权能,还应设置科学的听证制度、集体决定机制以及请示报告制度,以强化其内部控制。而在共同犯罪案件分案处理的情形下,行政非罪化案件与“另案”应当保持事实认定的一致性和法律处罚的协调性。Decriminalization has always existed in law enforcement,which is mostly opposed in the academic community.To some extent,administrative decriminalization has its rationality.The allocation law of the“litigation process”of decriminalization and the prior jurisdiction of the administrative law enforcement agencies jointly build the legitimate basis of decriminalization.In view of the jurisdiction conflict of administrative decriminalization cases,the corresponding settlement rules should be established according to the different subjects of the conflict.The premise of decriminalization is that the act constitutes a crime.As for the proof of the suspected crimes in the administrative procedure of decriminalization,the administrative agencies and the counterpart should take the responsibility for attesting according to the subjective and objective illegal facts.At the same time,in order to control the decriminalization power of administrative law enforcement agencies,a scientific hearing system,collective decision mechanism and a request and reporting system should be set up to strengthen their internal control.When the joint crime cases are dealt with separately,the administrative decriminalization case should maintain consistent with“other cases”in facts and legal punishment.

关 键 词：行政非罪化 管辖冲突 涉嫌犯罪证明 内控程序 

分 类 号：D922.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]